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What type of organism is a cholera bacterium? And what is its structure?
- 1) Prokaryotic
- 2) Cell wall, Cell-surface membrane, Capsule, Circular DNA, flagella and plasmid.
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How does the Cholera bacterium cause severe diarrhoea?
- 1) producing a toxin which increases the secretion of chloride ions into the lumen of the intestine.
- 2)The loss of chloride ions from the epithelial cells in the small intestine raises the water potential, so water rushes into the lumen.
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How is Cholera treated?
- 1) Oral Rehydration Solutions
- 2) Helps water be absorbed into the body through osmosis
- 3) Contains: Water, sodium, glucose, potassium and other electrolytes.
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What are the ethical issues associated with trialling Oral Rehydration Therapy?
1) Early tests led to many side effects, especially on children.
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Learn the gross structure of the gas exchange system.
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What is the Trachea and its function?
- 1) a flexible airway that is supported by a ring of cartilage.
- 2)Allow passage of air into the lungs/ produce mucus to move dirt away from lungs.
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What is the bronchi and its function?
- 1)The two divisions of the trachea, each leading to one lung - similar structure
- 2) produce mucus to move dirt away from lungs.
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What are the bronchioles and their function?
- 1) A series of branching subdivisions of the bronchi.
- 2)Their walls are made of muscle and lined with mucus
- 3) This muscle allows them to contract so that they can control the flow of air in and out of the lungs
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What are the alveoli and their function?
- 1) Air sacs with a diameter of between 100 micrometers and 300 micrometers at the end of the bronchioles.
- 2) Collagen, elastic fibres and they are lined with epithelium.
- 3) The elastic fibres stretch and fill with air when breathing in - snap back after.
- 4) Is the gas-exchange surface.
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