Ch. 2 Chemical Basis of Life Metabolism and Molecules

Catabolism
A. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller units
B. All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
C. The form of energy that cells generally use
D. Joins simple molecules together to form more complex
ones
E. Key reaction during anabolism

Anabolism
A. Joins simple molecules together to form more complex
B. The form of energy that cells generally use
C. All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
D. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller units
ones
E. Key reaction during anabolism

ATP
A. The form of energy that cells generally use
B. Joins simple molecules together to form more complex
C. All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
D. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller units
ones
E. Key reaction during anabolism

Metabolism
A. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller units
B. All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
C. Joins simple molecules together to form more complex
D. The form of energy that cells generally use
ones
E. Key reaction during anabolism

Dehydration Synthesis
A. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller units
B. The form of energy that cells generally use
C. All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
D. Joins simple molecules together to form more complex
ones
E. Key reaction during anabolism

Water plays a key role in such processes as:
A. Cell permeability C. Secretion
B. Active transport of materials D. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?
A. Strong polarity C. High heat of vaporization
B. High specific heat D. Strong acidity

Acids:
A. Dye litmus blue
B. Release hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution
C. Are proton receptors
D. Accept electrons when in an aqueous solution

Substances that accept hydrogen ions are referred to as:
A. Acids C. Buffers
B. Bases D. Salts

The constancy of the pH homeostatic mechanism is caused by the presence of substances
called:
A. Salts C. Buffers
B. Bases D. Acids

True or False
The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
True False

True or False
Milk is acid on the pH scale
True False

True or False
Litmus will turn red in the presences of an acid.
True False

True or False
The basic substance of each cell is water
True False

True or False
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are examples of organic compounds.
True False

Which of the following in NOT a type of carbohydrate?
A. Monosaccharides C. Megasaccharides
B. Disaccharides D. Polysaccharides

Which of the following is INCORRECT in reference to carbohydrates?
A. They include substances referred to as sugars
B. They represent a primary source of chemical energy for body cells
C. They are replete with nitrogen atoms
D. They serve critical structural roles in RNA and DNA

Proteins are composed of ______ commonly occurring amino acids.
A. 8 C. 20
B. 12 D. 24

Amino acids frequently become joined by:
A. Peptide bonds C. Degradation synthesis
B. Phospholipid reactions D. None of the above

Which of the following is NOT an example of proteins?
A. Hormones C. Urine
B. Antibodies D. Enzymes

A structural lipid found in a cell membrane is:
A. Triglyceride C. Steroid
B. Phospholipids D. Prostaglandin

Which of the following is the correct example of DNA base pairing?
A. Adenine-Cytosine C. Adenine-Thymine
B. Guanine- Adenine D. Guanine- Thymine

A DNA molecule contains each of the following EXCEPT:
A. Sugar C. Phosphate
B. Nitrogenous base D. Lipid

DNA differs from RNA in that:
A. There is no structural difference between DNA and RNA
B. RNA contain a double polynucleotide strand
C. RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
D. RNA contains thymine instead of uracil

True or False
Steroids are poorly distributed throughout the body.
True False

True or False
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the “good” cholesterol.
True False

True or False
Protein compounds have no role in defending the body against harmful agents.
True False

True or False
The nonessential amino acids can be produced from the other amino acids or from
simple organic molecules.
True False

True or False
Enzymes are proteins that function by the “lock and key” model.
True False

True or False
Prostaglandins are “tissue hormones
True False

Atoms of the same element but with different atomic weights
(because their nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons).
A. Polarity
B. Atomic number
C. Nucleotide
D. High-energy bonds
E. Electrolyte
F. Base pairs
G. Isotopes
H. Octet rule
I. Polymers

Adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine are examples of ___
present in DNA.
A. Base pairs
B. Nucleotide
C. Atomic number
D. Isotopes
E. Polymers
F. Electrolyte
G. High-energy bonds
H. Octet rule
I. Polarity

Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in their valence shell will
attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve
stability
A. Electrolyte
B. Base pairs
C. Polymers
D. High-energy bonds
E. Nucleotide
F. Atomic number
G. Isotopes
H. Polarity
I. Octet rule

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
A. Polarity
B. Polymers
C. Electrolyte
D. Octet rule
E. Base pairs
F. Nucleotide
G. High-energy bonds
H. Isotopes
I. Atomic number

Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules
A. Polarity
B. High-energy bonds
C. Polymers
D. Octet rule
E. Atomic number
F. Isotopes
G. Base pairs
H. Nucleotide
I. Electrolyte

Components of DNA and RNA that are composed of sugar, a
nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
A. Atomic number
B. Isotopes
C. Octet rule
D. Nucleotide
E. Polymers
F. High-energy bonds
G. Polarity
H. Electrolyte
I. Base pairs

Chemical property that allows water to act as a effective solvent.
A. High-energy bonds
B. Electrolyte
C. Polymers
D. Atomic number
E. Base pairs
F. Polarity
G. Octet rule
H. Nucleotide
I. Isotopes

Large group of inorganic compounds including acids, bases, and
salts.
A. Nucleotide
B. High-energy bonds
C. Base pairs
D. Octet rule
E. Electrolyte
F. Atomic number
G. Isotopes
H. Polymers
I. Polarity

Ribose
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate

Steroids
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate

Amino Acid
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid

Glycerol
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate

Monosaccharides
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate

Phospholipids
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate

Enzymes
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid

Litmus turns blue
A. Acid
B. Base

"Proton donor"
A. Acid
B. Base

Bitter Taste
A. Acid
B. Base

"Proton acceptor"
A. Acid
B. Base

Releases a hyrdrogen ion
A. Acid
B. Base