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Linked genes
– genes on the same chromosome won’t necessarily undergo independent assortment
-the closer together on the chromosome the greater the linkage between genes
-the likelihood of recombination occurring between two genes increases with distance between genes
Y-linked traits
– rare as there are very few genes on the Y-chromosome
-Y-linked disorders are passed on to male offspring only (100%)
X-linked traits
– males only receive a single copy of the X-chromosome (from their mother)
Turner Syndrome (X)
– offspring (female) have only a single X chromosome resulting from nondisjunction
Kleinfelter Syndrome (XXY)
– offspring (male) have an extra X chromosome resulting from nondisjunction
Point mutation
– a single base substitution
Missense mutation
– point mutation leading to a codon coding for a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation
– point mutation leading to a premature stop codon
Frameshift mutation
– insertion or deletion leading to a change in the reading frame of a gene
Mutations in replication
– low level of ‘natural’ mutations that occur during replication (random error)
Inborn errors of metabolism
– metabolic disorders caused by mutation (usually of a key enzyme)
Mutagen
– an agent that causes mutation
Carcinogen
an agent that can cause cancer (most are mutagens)
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
allele frequencies remain constant in a gene pool for a population in equilbrium
p + q = 1
p = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
p2 = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
q2 = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
Testcross
– crossing a dominant phenotype individual with a recessive to determine the dominant genotype
Backross
– crossing a hybrid (such as the F1) with one of the parents
Author
rcrchick
ID
292020
Card Set
genes
Description
genes chads videos oat
Updated
2014-12-21T19:52:18Z
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