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(7 years war)Fought between Britain and France, conflict over North America
French and Indian War
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Declaration of Independence
established July 4, 1776. Declared our independence from Great Britain.
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a document signed amongst the 13 original colonies that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution
Articles of Confederation
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took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain.
Constitutional Convention
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Bill of Rights
Written by James Madison, first 10 amendments of the constitution
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US Constitution
Supreme law of the United States, Revision of the Articles of Confederation
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Alexis de Tocqueville
French political thinker, Democracy in America
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E Pluribus Unum
Latin for out of many, one, motto suggested by congress to design a seal
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The right of a government to expropriate property for public use
Eminent domain
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Transcontinental RR
made trade easier and westward expansion
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Bessemer Process
inexpensive way to produce steel
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Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone
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Thomas Edison
lightbulb- factories could stay open later
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Free Enterprise
citizens could run businesses the way they wanted to
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National Market
railroads made market expand west
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few government regulations on business, government supported owners over workers, high tarriffs led to lower prices for american goods: became millonaires in unethical ways
Captains of Industry or Robber Barons
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nations leading supplier of steel, became millionaire, *the philosophy of giving back to society,industrialist _____ gave 350 million back to society, & he wrote a book which promoted philanthropy
Carnegie and Gospel of Wealth
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Rockefeller
standard oil company, ran one of the nations largest monopolies,
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monopoly
business that controls an entire market with no competition
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laissez-faire
the free enterprise system led to little government regulation/interference with business
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trust
synonymous with the monopolies (anti-trust means hands on)
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Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and ICC
ICA made railroads the first industry to be regulated by the federal government, ICC was created to regulate things like railroad fare rates
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890
first attempt by US government to prevent trusts from forming, in an attempt to keep monopolies from taking over
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first attempt by US government to prevent trusts from forming, in an attempt to keep monopolies from taking over
urbanization
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organization of workers who unite to protect rights of workers from from abusive employers, formed during Gilded Age when poor working conditions led workers to bargain for better conditions by employers
union
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done in an effort to make point more clear but led to a drop in union membership as now people viewed them as violent and unamerican,
strike
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Homestead Strike
Carnegie Steel workers caused one of the most violent strikes in US history after a dispute led to the lockout of workers
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Pullman Strike
Nationwide conflict between railroad unions and railroad workers, leading to the shutdown of all railroads and almost and economic crash
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temporary denial of employment to workers, usually if they were protesting in unions formed during Gilded Age
lock-out
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union agreement where employer only hires union members, who must remain union members to keep job
closed shop
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The first national labor union made and allowed workers 8 hour days and the right to go on strike.
Knights of Labor
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American Federation of Labor
Smaller unions joined together of skilled workers.
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They made the AFL and they saw the need for Americans to have a minimum wage and better working conditions
Terrence Powderly and Samuel Gompers roles in labor
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Haymarket Riot
police killed innocent people who were workers that were rioting
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Homestead Strike
An industrial lock out
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Pullman Strike
Were railroad workers went on strike due to mistreatment.
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Ellis and Angel Islands
Checkpoints to see if immigrants were eligible to come in to America
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Ethnic Enclaves and Tenements
A little neighborhood for a ethnic groups and tenements are a multi family house or apartment.
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Boss Tweed
New immigrants would be helped by getting a job or a home and then on election day they were forced to vote for boss tweed.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
significant restriction on free immigration in US, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese immigration
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Great Plains- Push and Pulls West
- -PUSH: crop failures and dry lands
- -Pull: Good soil, Money for farming
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Migration of about 100,000 prospectors to the Yukon between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there and as soon as people got the news, it triggered a stampede of prospectors.
Klondike Gold Rush and Sewards Folly-49ers
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Homestead Act
United States federal law that an applicant ownership of land at little or no cost.
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Little Bighorn was a battle fought between Colonel Custer's 7th cavalry and the native tribes of sioux and cheyenne near the little Bighorn river in Montana, where Custer and his 7th cavalry was severely outnumbered and were all killed.
Indian Wars- Little Big Horn and Wounded Knee
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Dawes Act
Authorized the president to survey the native tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual indians, those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe were granted U.S. citizenship. It was later amended.
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Legal designation for area of land managed by a Native American Tribe under the US bureau of Indian Affairs.
Reservations
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American Indian Citizenship Act (1924)
Congress grants citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S.
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