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What is congestive heart failure?
Inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues
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What is creatinine?
Chemical that comes from the muscles. The kidneys filter most of it, then its excreted in the urine.
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What is diuresis?
Increased formation of urine by the kidneys
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What is a diuretic?
Any drug that increases the flow of urine, causing the body to get rid of excess water
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What is dysrhythmia?
Abnormal cardia rhythym
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what is an electrolyte?
Controls the fluid balance in the body and controls muscle contraction
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What is glaucoma?
Eye disease that damages the retina; caused by abnormally high intraocular pressure
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What is homeostasis?
Maintaining equalibrium amongst the body processes.
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What is hyperkalemia?
High potassium level
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What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
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What is hypokalemia?
Low potassium level
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What is a loop diuretic and what is it used for?
Potent diuretic used to remove fluid arising from renal, hepatic or cardia dysfunction, and to treat acute pulmonary adema.
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What is the most commonly used Loop Diuretic?
furosemide (Lasix)
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What are the Loop Diuretics?
- furosemide (Lasix)
- bumetanide (Bumex)
- ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
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What are the Thiazide Diuretics?
- bendroflumethiazide (Naturin)
- chlorothiazide (Diuril, SK-Chlorothiazide)
- hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydroDIURIL, Oretic)
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What are the potassium sparing diuretics?
- amiloride (Midamor)
- spironolactone (Aldactone)
- triamterene (Dyrenium)
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Which diuretic is a Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
acetazolamide (Diamox)
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Which is an Osmotic Diuretic?
osmitrol (Mannitol)
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What are thiazide diuretics and how do they work?
- Low potency diuretics used to treat essential hypertension and mild chronic edema.
- Inhibit reabsorbtion of Sodium and Chlorine ions
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What are Potassium Sparing Diuretics?
- Low potency diuretics used to treat edema and hypertension, and to help restore potassium levels in hypokalemic patients
- Administered in combination with Loop or Thiazide diuretics to minimize potassium loss.
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What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and what are they used for?
- Low potency diuretic used to treat acute closed-angle glaucoma and chronic open-angle glaucoma
- Decrease production of aqueous humor, lowering intraocular pressure
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What are Osmotic Diuretics?
- Highly potent diuretic.
- Increases blood pressure and blood volume by drawing fluid out of tissues and into the circulatory system rapidly.
- Contraindicated in patients with hypertension and edema.
- NOT used for Congestive heart failure
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What is a nephron?
Functioning unit of the kidney
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