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Describe what phonemes are
the best way to understand sounds
all the way the letters of the alphabet, and their combinations, are pronounced
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Describe the difference in the production of vowels and consonants
both depend on the vocal organs
vowels, we open our vocal tract air pathways
consonants, we contract our vocal tract air pathways
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Give a definition of The variability problem
there is no simple correspondence between acoustical patterns and the phonemes we hear
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Give a definition and a daily-life example of coarticulation
the way a phoneme is produced depends on the phonemes that precede and follow it
example: when we try to teach a word (bat, boot) to a child
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Give a definition of the segmentation problem
how do we divide the continuous stream of acoustical speech signals into individual words
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Explain why the variability problem and the segmentation problem make speech perception a complicated problem
In the variability problem, different acoustical patterns result in the same phonemes, and in the segmentation problem, no breaks in acoustical pattern for individual words
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Explain what the solution is to the variability problem and the segmentation problem
The solution is context, in which words, phrases, and ideas already identified guide the interpretation of new incoming sounds
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