Speech Final

refers to the process of human beings responding to the symbolic behavior of other persons.

• Intrapersonal communication.
• Dyadic/Interpersonal Communication.
• Small Group Communication.
• Public Communication.
• Mass Communication.

• Physical needs.
• Indentity needs.
• Social needs.
• Practical needs.

• A wide range of behaviors.
• Ability to choose the most appropriate behavior.
• Skills at performing behaviors.
• Empathy/Perspective taking.
• Cognitive Complexity.
• Self-monitoring.
• Commitment to the relationship.

• is a set of relatively stable perceptions that each of us holds about ourselves.
• is our perception of ourselves, i is unique it makes us similar to others and different from others.

• Introduced in 1902 by Charles H. Cooley.
• suggested that we put ourselves in the position of other people and then, in our mind's eye, view ourselves as we imagine they see us.

• Occurs when a person's expectations of an outcome makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true.
• Type 1:occurs when your own expectations influence your behavior.
• Type 2:occurs when the expectations o on person govern another's actions.

• Labeling people according to our first impressions is an inevitable part of the perception process.
• Labels are a way of making interpretations.

• There are three factors that cause us to notice some messages and ignore others.
• Intense (loud music).
• Reptitious (dripping faucet).
• Contrastive (normally happy is grumpy).
• Motives.

• Relational Satisfaction.
• Degree of Involvement with the other person.
• Past experience.
• Expectations.
• Social Roles.
• Knowledge.
• Self Concept.

Is the ability to re-create another person's perspective, to experience the world form the other's point of view.

• Pseudo listening - faking it.
• Selective listening - only parts you want to hear.
• Defensive listening - someone to attack.
• Ambushing - listening to info to attack.
• Insulating listening - ignoring what said/not agreeing.
• Stage hogging - listening to take attention back to yourself.

• not concetrating.
• listening too hard - writing down everyting instead of main points.
• jumping to conclusions.
• focusing on delivery and personal appearance.

• Appreciative listening - music, comedy.
• Comprehensive listening - to understand.
• Evaluative listening - listen to make a judgement.
• Empathetic listening - putting self in someone's shoes.

• NC exists - ideas on how others feel w/o words.
• N Behavior has communicative value - unintentional & intentional.
• NC is Primarily Relational - serve utilitarian functions, identity management, convey emotions.
• NC is Ambiguous - difficult to interpret.
• NC is different from Verbal Communication -often unintended & unconscious.
• N skills are Important - impossible to study spoken w/o paying attention to nonverbal.

• stammer.
• blush.
• frown.
• sweat.

• Culture.
• Gender.

• Happiness.
• Sadness.
• Fear.
• Anger.
• Disgust.
• Surprise.

• repeating emblems deliberate nonverbal behaviors.
• substituting.- emblems replace verbal message.
• complementing - voice & nc say same thing.
• accenting pointing finger in emphasis.
• regulating - pause in speech indicate others turn to speak.
• contradicting - angry but saying not .
• deceiving - not al is self-serving or malicious; white lie.

• Kinesics - use of manipulators (body movements).
• Face & Eyes - affect blends (blending of manipulators)
• Vocalics - tone, pitch, rate (paralanguage).
• Tactile - communicating through touch need for our health.
• physical attractiveness -
• Clothing - economic status

• external - make it hard to hear.
• physiological - illness, fatigue.
• psycological - unwilling to accept truth (failed test).

• physical location.
• persons experience.
• cultural background.

a model developed by luft & Harrington Ingman to help understand the relationship between the various ideas we present about ourselves.

• Symbols - arbitrary constructions that represent a communicator thoughts.
• Meanings are in people not words.

• govern how words sound when pronounced.
• he could lead if he would get the lead out.

• govern the structure of language - the way symbols can be arranged.
• Have you the cookies brought?

• deal with the meaning of specific words. misunderstandings occur when words can e interpreded in more than one way.
• panda mating fails; veterinarian takes over.

• govern how people use language in everyday interactions.
• self concept.
• episode in which the comment occurs.
• perceivd relationship.
• cultural background.

• best known declaration of linguistic determinism.
• reflects worldview more like a motion picture.

which focus on the subject being discussed are the most obvious.

which make statements about how the parties feel toward one another.

the degree to which people like or appreciate one another.

is the degree to which we admire others and hold them in esteem.

describe the degree of interest and attraction we feel toward and communicate to others.

the amount of influence communicators seek.

• Physical (kissing, touching, hugging).
• Intellectual Intimacy.
• Emotional Disclosure.

• Coming together = initiating, experimenting, intensifiying, integrating, bonding->.
• Comming appart = Differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating <-.

integrating bonding differentiating circumscribing.

• the process of deliberately reveling info about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known to others.
• Honesty.
• Trust.
• Catharisis.
• revelations (understanding yourself;talking it out)

• first dimension of self disclosure in this model involves the breadth of information volunteered.
• second dimension of self disclosure in this model involves the depth of information volunteered.

• better self understanding.
• sharing of concerns.
• slef revelation.
• relationship nurturance.

• vulnerability - exploited.
• overexposure - too much too soon.
• dislike.

• recognition.
• acknowledgement.
• endorsement.
• positive climates.

• Avoidance.
• deception.
• degrading (respect).
• Humoring (condescending).
• Shorten interaction w/them.

• confirming = climate positive one
• Disconfirming = climate hostile one.

reciprocating communication pattern in which persons message reinforces others.

are most visible way that disconfirming messages reinforce one another. (fighting)

can also be destructive - rather than fighting the parties slowly lessen their dependence on one another, withdrwa and become less invested in the relationship.

a small collection of people when interact with each other usually face to face overtime in orde to reach goals. 2-20people. Interdependant on each other.

• Individual goals.
• Group Goals.

• Task orientation - getting the job done.
• Social orientation - seeking sence of belonging.

• to win.
• Hidden agenda - individual goal

• Learning groups.
• problem-solving groups.
• Social groups.
• Growth groups.

• consensus - everyone agrees.
• Majority Control - quicker, majority might not be best.
• Expert opinion - give up control to expert, quick, not necessarly best.
• Minority control - committees to control, curriculum committee.
• Authority rule - superfast, unhappy people.

• Individual vs collective.
• yourself vs team player.
• rewards for bing about ourselves vs share responsiblity & admits mistaks.
• capalistic vs dictator.
• europe/us/canada/alstralia vs lain america/asia.

• resources.
• accuracy.
• commitment.

• orientation stage.
• conflict stage.
• emergence stage.
• reinforcement stage.

• information - underload/overload.
• Unequal participatoin.
• pressure to conform.
• groupthink.
• characteristics - highly cohesive.
• symptoms - illusion of vulnerability.
• Defective decision - making incomplete survey of hte alternatives.

• be committed to the group goal.
• fufill individual assignment.
• avoid interpersonal conflicts.
• encourage full participation.
• keep the discussion on track.