Which of the following car safety devices shoud be used for a child:
C) booster seat
A nurse assesses the vital signs of a 12 month-old infant with a respiratory infection and notes that the respiratory rate is 35 breaths/min. Based on this finding, which action is appropriate?
C) document the findings
A nurse provides instructions to the parents of an infant regarding car travel and safety seats. Which of the following is the appropriate information related to the safety of the infant?
D) restrain in a car seat in the back seat in a semireclined, rear-facing postion
A nurse is evaluation the developmental level of a 2 year old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child?
D) use a cup to dring
A nurse is monitoring a 3 month old infant for signs of increased intracranial pressure. On palpation of the fontanels, the nurse notes that the anterior fontanel is soft and flat. Based on this finding, which nursing action is appropriate?
B) document the findings
The parents of a 2 year old arrive at a hospital to visit their child. The child is in the playroom when the parents arrive. When the parents enter the playroom, the child des not readily approach the parents. The nurse interprets his behavior as indicating that:
D) this a normal pattern
A mother of a 3 year old asks a clinic nurse about appropriate and safe toys for the child. The nurse tells the mother that the most appropriate toy for a 3 year old is which of the following?
C) a wagon
A clinic nurse provides information to the mother of a toddler regarding toilet training. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further information regarding the toilet training?
B) "Bladder control usually is achieved before control."
A mother arrives at a clinic with her toddler and tells a nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. Which of the following is appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the mother?
A) Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed.
The mother of a 3 year old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which of the following is the appropriate suggestion to the mother?
D) allow the bottle if it contains water
A nurse is preparing to care for a 5 year old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the most appropriate activity for this child?
C) crayons and a color book
The mother of a 16 year old tells a nurse that she is concerned because the child sleeps about 8 hours every night and until noontime every weekend. The appropriate nursing response is which of the following?
A) "Adolescents need that amount of sleep every night."
A 4 year old child diagnosed with leukemia is hospitalized for chemotherapy. The child is fearful of the hospitalization. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate to alleviate the child's tears?
D) Encourage the child's parents to stay with the child.
A 16 year old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis and an appendectomy is performed. Which nursing intervention is appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development postoperatively?
B) Allow the child to interact with others in his or her same age group.
A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5 month old infant. The nurse determines that determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected in the infant:
C) Uses monosyllabic babbling
A nurse prepares to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a 3 year old child with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure and notes that the apical rate is 110 beats/min. Based on this finding, which nursing action is appropriate?
C) Administer the digoxin
A 2 year old child is treated in the emergency room for a burn to the chest and abdomen. The child sustained the burn by grabbing a cup of hot coffee that was left on the kitchen counter. The nurse reviews safety principles with the parents before discharge. Which statement by the parents indicates an understanding of measures to provide safety in the home?
B) "We will be sure not to leave hot liquids unattended."
A mother of a 4 year old expresses concern because her hospitalized child has begun thumb sucking. The mother states that this behavior began 2 days after hospital admission. The appropriate nursing response is which of the following?
B) "It is best to ignore the behavior."
Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant? Select all that apply.
D) Provide swaddling
d) Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs
e) Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes
A nurse who wants to apply a theory that relates to moral development should read more from the work of:
D) Kohberg
The nurse using Erikson's theory to assess a 20 year old client's developmental status expects to find which of the following behaviors?
D) Enjoys participation in the community
The nurse recognized that Freud's theory approached development by looking at:
B) Psychosexual aspects
According to Piaget, a preschool child (3 to 5 years old) who comes to the clinic is expected by the nurse to exhibit which of the following behaviors?
C) Thinking with the use of symbols and images
For an older adult client, an example of a common behavioral task or critical event is:
D) Adjusting to decreasing physical strength
The nurse working in an adult medical clinic wishes to learn more about a developmental theory that focuses on the adult years. The nurse investigates different possibilities and selects the theory proposed by:
A) Gould
The nurse recognizes that which one of the following statements about growth and development is corrects?
D) Developmental tasks are age-related achievements
In Kohlberg's Moral Development theory, an individual who reaches level II (conventional thought) is expected to exhibit:
A) Personal internalization of authority
According to Piaget, the infant is in the first period of development, which is characterized by:
C) Sensorimotor intelligence
A child's understanding of the concept of ice becoming water, Piaget's stage of cognitive development, is seen in:
B) Concrete operations
The nurse in a pediatric health care setting is using Kohlberg's developmental theory. A child is evaluated as having reached level I, the preconventional level, if the child:
A) Makes sure that he or she is not late for school
In applying Gould's developmental theory, the nurse anticipates that a client will have a greater concern for one's health within the following theme and age-group:
B) Fifth theme (50s)
The nurse is working with a new mother who will require surgery. The follow-up treatment will interfere with bonding. In applying Freud's theory, the nurse recognizes that the stage of development that may be affected is the:
A) Oral stage
In accordance with Erikson's theory, it is expected by the nurse that a middle-aged adult client will be involved in the process of:
a) Developing a sense of identity
b) Searching for meaning in life
c) Enhancing one's capability to love others
d) Enhancing one's capability to love others
The primary purpose for the nurse to understand human growth and development is to be best able to:
A) Identify deviations from normal
Which of the following should the nurse consider first when assessing the cognitive ability of an older adult?
D) Recent immigration of the US
A nurse caring for a 78 year old client recently diagnosed with pneumonia will find Erikson's psychosocial development theory most helpful in determining:
D) How the client will respond to the respiratory problem
As described by Freud, the nurse recognized that a young adult best shows a well-developed superego when he:
D) Arrange for a cab ride home after consuming alcohol
A nurse is preparing to discharge an 11 month old child after a hospitalization for a viral infection. The nurse uses anticipatory guidance most effectively when:
B) Informing the parents that the child may cry when taken to daycare
Which of the following situations/statements best depicts Gould's fourth theme of adult development?
B) "As much as I'd love to open my own shop, I just can't take that kind of chance."
The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has reported symptoms suggestive of depression. Which of the following questions asked by the nurse is most therapeutic in assessing the client's perception of the impact depression has had on her life?
D) "What does it means to be depressed?"
You are caring for a 6 year old who is scheduled for outpatient surgery. Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that the nurse can help the child cope with the stressors of this hospital experience best by:
D) Using play as a means of familiarizing the child using age-appropriate language
Which of the following nursing responses is most therapeutic when made in response to a parent's concern about her 3 year old child's tendency to "break the rules"?
C) "She will begin to understand that concept in a year or so?
To help a comatose patient's family make a moral decision regarding the termination of life support, you must first:
A) Refrain from expressing his/her personal beliefs concerning the life support issue
Which of the following best describes a nurse thinking at stage 5 of Kohlberg's Moral Developmental Theory?
A) "The client has a right to decide whether or not to proceed with the treatment plan."
Which of the following clients statements made by an older adult best reflects an understanding of the decrease in physical strength and stamina in this developmental stage?
D) "I just hire help with jobs I can't do myself."
A child gains weight and becomes taller each year. What is this process called?
A) growth
All humans learn from both formal and informal experiences. What orderly pattern of changes results in part from learning?
D) development
As the fetus develop, certain growth and development trends are regular and predictable. The first trend is cephalocaudal growth. What does this mean?
C) head and brain develop first
Many different factors affect growth and development. For example, why does Mary have blonde hair and blue eyes while John has brown hair and green eyes?
B) genetic inheritance
according to Freud, what is the name given to the part of the mind that represents one's conscience?
B) Id
The mother of a 6 month old infant asks the nurse at a community health center what she should do about her baby, who always wants to put everything in his mouth. What would be an appropriate response by the nurse, based on Freud's theory?
B) "Babies at this age explore and enjoy their world with their mouths."
Based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what type of activities would a nurse recommend to parents of children in the preoperational stage?
B) play training
According to Erikson, normal adolescent behavior includes trying on new roles and possibly even rebelling. What is the purpose of this behavior in adolescents?
C) to avoid inferiority
Using Erikson's theory, which of the following activities would the nurse use to provide a sense of fulfillment and purpose in later adulthood?
C) reminiscing about life events
Based on Havighurst's theory, which is one of the developmental tasks of middle adulthood?
B) adjusting to physical changes
Gould's theory of transformation in adults included which developmental phase for those ages 50 to 60?
C) having increased self-approval and acceptance
Levinson and associates based their theory on individual life structure, patterned at any point in time by the interaction of three components. Which one of the following is not a component of this theory?"
D) degree of wellness
A school-aged child always follows the rules and obeys traffic lights when crossing the street. Based on Kohlberg's theory, what type of development is being demonstrated?
C) moral
In contrast to Kohlberg, Gilligan developed a theory of moral development specifically for women. What is the central theme of Gilligan's theory?
C) response and care
According to Fowler's theory, who or what initiates the development of faith in the infant?
B) primary caregivers
A nurse wants to teach children about oral health. Based on Piaget's theory, to what age group would it be most appropriate to teach this topic?
A) junior high school age
Using Erikson's theory, a nurse asks a young adult questions about family, friends and support systems. Why is this important during assessments of adolescents?
C) fear of commitments may lead to loneliness and isolation
During a health history, a middle-aged man tells the nurse. "I will always take care of my children because my parents took care of me." Based on Kohlberg's theory, what level of moral development is the man demonstrating?
D) conventional
A 2 year old child is hospitalized for a surgical procedure. Although previously all fluids were taken from a cup, the toddler wants a bottle to suck on. The nurse recognizes this behavior as what?
B) normal regression
Which of the following is an important role for the nurse when incorporating principles and theories of growth and development?
B) provide developmentally challenging environments and experiences
Which of the following statements is correct related to developmental concepts?
C) Developmental transitions occur throughout life.
When explaining the concept of growth to a parent, the nurse should state:
A) "We continue to grow in various ways throughout life."
The nurse in a well-baby clinic is assessing a 12 month old child. At birth, the child weighed 7 lb 3 oz. During this visit. the child weighs 21lb 10 oz. The nurse evaluates the child's weight as indicating that:
C) The infant is at the expected weight for his or her weight
The school nurse has been asked to order growth charts. Which of the flowing growth charts for use in assessing children in grades 1 to 5 should he or she select?
C) Body mass index for age chart and growth chart
A mother comes to the pediatric clinic and says to the nurse. "I am worried about my 11 month old baby because he is not crawling yet and his brother crawled when he was 11 months old. Is something wrong?" Which statement should the nurse make?
D) "All babies reach developmental milestones at different rates."
Which of the following statements describes Erikson's theory of development?
D) An individual may revert to an earlier stage of development in certain situations.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development:
D) a child greatest task is to make sense of the world around him or her
Which of the following statements summarizes Vygotsky's theory of development?
C) Experience creates learning
Kohlberg's theory of moral development is based on:
C) Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Gilligan's theory of moral development is:
D) Gender-specific
A high school sophomore engages in risky behavior in order to fit in with his peers. According to Erikson's theory of human development, this student is dealing with the developmental conflict of:
B) Identity versus role confusion
According to Kohlberg, the child who is focused on peer approval and avoidance of "not fitting in" is in which stage of moral development?
A) Conventional
The nurse is caring for a client who donated a kidney to a stranger in need. The client who donated the kidney is in which stage of Gilligan's stages of moral development?
A) Conventional
Nursing interventions appropriate for the nursing diagnosis of chronic sorrow related is missed opportunities include:
D) Encouraging the client to discuss his or her fears.
When teaching parents of a toddler about nutrition, the nurse should make which statement?
B) "Hot dogs are not a safe food choice because they may cause choking."
The nurse conducting a parenting class is asked how to select a good day care center for an 18 month old. The nurse should state:
A) "Human interaction increased a toddler's verbal skills, so select a day care that values adult to toddler interaction."
Which of the following items will affect a child's growth? Select all that apply.
a) Fetal exposure to teratogenic medications
b) Availability of a well-balanced diet
c) Living in a war zone
d) Height/weight of relatives
a, b, c, and d
The school nurse conduction on in-service program for teachers stresses that according to Piaget's theory at cognitive development, a 9 year old child can be expected to do which of the following? Select all that apply:
a) Use abstract thought to discuss a story
b) Make moral decisions concerning right or wrong actions.
c) Listen to a peer's point of view about a playground situation.
d) Be influenced by his or her friends.
c) Listen to a peer's point of view about a playground situation.
d) Be influenced by his or her friends.
The school nurse is conduction a screening using the revised CDC growth charts and BMI for age charts. Which of the following children should the school nurse be concerned about? Select all that apply:
a) a 7 year old male with a high BMI
b) A 9 year old female with a low BMI
c) an 11 year old male with a BMI within range
d) A 13 year old female with a moderately high BMI
A, B, and D
The newest CDC growth charts take into consideration which of the following data points? Select all that apply:
a) Method of feeding (breast or formula)
b) Gender
c) Racial and ethnic factors
d) Chronological age
e) Selected health deviations such as sickle cell anemia
A, B, C, D, and E
A nurse is plotting the height and weight of children during a school assessment clinic. Monitoring these patterns is assessing which aspect of child's health?
C) Growth
A parent brings a 16 month old child to the clinic for a sell child checkup. During the assessment, the nurse finds that the child cannot stand next to furniture and does not try to pull himself up from a sitting position. The child is lagging is which of the following processes?
D) Development
A child is starting school and is being screened for certain developmental milestones. How the child interacts with other children is most influenced by which of the following factors?
C) Temperament
A parent brings a child to the clinic with concerns about the child's inability to sit alone. The nurse explains that development is based on in-born timetables and the child will be able to meet this milestone at a specific time. The nurse is basing this information on which theory of growth and development?
C) Maturational theory
A toddler shows fear and begins to cry when her parent leaves her at day care. According to Havighurst, which developmental task would this child be exhibiting?
B) Learning to relate emotionally
Which of the following developmental tasks are of Havighurst's early adulthood age period? (Select all that apply)
A) Taking on civic responsibility
c) Getting started in an occupation
e) Managing a home
A parent questions the nurse about her 5 year old who has begun to masturbate and questions the parents about sexual differences among the child's peer mates. The nurse, familiar with Freud's stages of development, responds by saying:
D) "This behavior is a normal part of your child's development."
A young adult has never lived away from his parents. He has difficulty making decisions and feels unable to make decisions on his own. According to Freud's theory of development, this person should be fixated at which stage of development?
D) Genital
A client is being seen in the mental health clinic for antisocial behavior. According to Erikson's stages of development, this client is dealing with which task of development?
B) Identity versus role confusion
A client who has a terminal diagnosis has been using her time to help family members deal with her impending death. Among her activities, she collected pictures for a scrapbook and wrote a journal of favorite memories for family members to read after the client dies. According to Peck, this client is working through which of the following developmental tasks?
B) Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
A college age client is seeing the nurse at the student health office. His statement indicate that he is struggling with feelings of independence, then feelings of dependence on his family again. The nurse recognizes this as which stage of development, according to Roger Gould?
D) stage 2
A parent brings his child into the clinic for a well child screening. He makes a statement to the nurse that the child is learning new words faster than he can write them in the baby book. According to Piaget, this child is in which of the following phases?
C) Preconceptual phase
A 20 month old child is a client on the pediatric unit of a hospital. The nurse notices that this child is lagging in stage 6 of Piaget's phases of cognitive development. Which activity would indicate that this child is struggling at this stage?
D) The child merely watches as the other children pretend-play.
A nurse who is exploring the behavior of children and how they interpret right from wrong or bad from good would best be served by studying which of the following theorists?
C) Kholberg
A nurse educator believes that teaching students without caring about them is an exercise in futility. This educator also believes that in meeting the students needs, educators must also work to take care of themselves and care for their own needs. The educator's ideals represent which of Gilligan's stages?
D) Stage 3
A nurse educator is working with students and assisting them in addressing their clients' spiritual needs. The educator understands that most traditional, second year college students are aware of their own spiritual development or working to develop their own system of spirituality. Fowler describes this stage as which of the following?
D) Individuating- reflexive
A client with an acute, serious illness has been hospitalized. Entering the room, the nurse observes the client praying. The client states to the nurse: "I don't know how people manage to get through difficult times without their faith. It's where I get my strength." The nurse correctly associates this belief with which theorist?
B) Westerhoff
Westerhoff's spiritual theory describes four stages of development. Put these in order of when they occur in the life cycle:
D) Searching faith
b) Affiliative faith
a) Owned faith
c) Experienced faith
A nurse is working with a school age client who is learning how to use a peak flow meter to monitor his asthma. The child has been frustrated at first, but now is able to give the reason to use the meter on a daily basis. Remembering the growth and development characteristics of the adolescent, which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
A) "You should feel very proud for understanding and using your meter."
A nurse is working with the residents of an assisted living complex. When planning care for the old-old stage, the nurse realized that it will be important to:
A) Allow as much independence for the residents as possible.
A community health nurse is planning adult health education classes. According to Erikson's stages of development, the nurse must address which task with this age group?
D) Generativity versus stagnation
A parent brings her baby in for a well-child checkup. Which of the following would the nurse identify as an indicator or positive resolution of the central task of this age? The child:
A) Does not cry when the parent allows the nurse to hold the child.
A parent tells the nurse that his child is quite creative and learning how to pretend with "almost anything in the house." According to Piaget, this child is descriptive of which stage/phase?