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Intavenvous form of Penicillin?
Penicillin G
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Intramuscular form of Penicillin?
Penicillin G
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Oral form of Penicillin?
Penicillin V
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What is the MOA of Penicillin?
- Bind penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases).
- Block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
- Activate autolytic enzymes
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This drug binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases).
Penicillin
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This drug blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
Penicillin
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This drug works by activates autolytic enzymes of the bacteria.
Penicillin
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Uses of Penicillin?
- Mostly used for gram-positive organisms (S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Actinomyces)
- Also used for N. meningitidis and T. pallidum.
- Bactericidal for gram-positive cocci, gram-positive rods, gram negative cocci, and spirochetes
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Side effects of Penicillin?
Hypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anemia
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What is Penicillinase?
A type of beta-lactamase which cleaves -lactam ring.
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Resistance to this drug: Penicillinase in bacteria (a type of beta-lactamase) cleaves -lactam ring.
- Penicillin
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
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What are the Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins?
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
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These drugs combine with Clavulanic acid to protect against beta-lactamase.
Ampicillin Amoxicillin
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What are the uses of Ampicillin and Amoxicillin?
- Haemophilus influenzae
- E. coli
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Proteus mirabilis
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- enterococci
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What are the side effects of Ampicillin, Amoxicillin?
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Rash
- Pseudomembranous colitis
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Between Amoxicillin and Ampicillin, which one has a greater Oral Bioavalability?
Amoxicillin
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What are the Penicillinase-resistant penicillins? Why are they resistant?
- Oxacillin
- Nafcillin
- Dicloxacillin
- Because bulky R group blocks access of beta-lactamase to beta-lactam ring.
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These drugs are penicillinase resistant because bulky R group blocks access of beta-lactamase to beta-lactam ring.
- Oxacillin
- Nafcillin
- Dicloxacillin
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What is the MOA, use and side effects of Oxacillin?
- MOA: Same as penicillin. Penicillinase resistant because bulky R group
- blocks access of beta -lactamase to beta-lactam ring.
- CLINICAL USE: S. aureus (except MRSA)
- TOXICITY: Hypersensitivity reactions, interstitial nephritis.
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What is the MOA, use and side effects of Nafcillin?
- MOA: Same as penicillin. Penicillinase resistant because bulky R group
- blocks access of beta-lactamase to beta-lactam ring.
- CLINICAL USE: S. aureus (except MRSA)
- TOXICITY: Hypersensitivity reactions, interstitial nephritis.
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What is the MOA, use and side effects of Dicloxacillin?
- MOA: Same as penicillin. Penicillinase resistant because bulky R group
- blocks access of beta-lactamase to beta-lactam ring.
- CLINICAL USE: S. aureus (except MRSA)
- TOXICITY: Hypersensitivity reactions, interstitial nephritis.
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This antibiotic can cause interstitial nephritis.
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins: Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin
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Which drugs are the antipseudomonals?
Ticarcillin, piperacillin
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What is the MOA, use and side effects of Ticarcillin?
- MOA: Bind penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases). Block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan. Activate autolytic enzymes
- CLINICAL USE Pseudomonas spp. and gram-negative rods; susceptible to penicillinase; use with -lactamase
- inhibitors.
- TOXICITY Hypersensitivity reactions
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What is the MOA, use and side effects of Piperacillin?
- MOA: Bind penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases). Block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan. Activate autolytic enzymes
- CLINICAL USE Pseudomonas spp. and gram-negative rods; susceptible to penicillinase; use with -lactamase
- inhibitors.
- TOXICITY Hypersensitivity reactions
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What are the beta-lactamase inhibitors?
- Clavulanic Acid
- Sulbactam
- Tazobactam
- Often added to penicillin antibiotics to protect the antibiotic from destruction by beta-lactamase (penicillinase).
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What is the use of Clavulanic Acid?
Often added to penicillin antibiotics to protect the antibiotic from destruction by beta -lactamase (penicillinase)
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What is the use of Sulbactam?
Often added to penicillin antibiotics to protect the antibiotic from destruction by beta-lactamase (penicillinase)
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What is the use of Tazobactam?
Often added to penicillin antibiotics to protect the antibiotic from destruction by beta-lactamase (penicillinase).
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