death and dying final

main work is suicide prevention/attempt prevention

• those who exhibit suicidal behavior
• immediate crisis/little or no forethought invovled

korea

coal gas

suicide rate becomes lower

less impulse control at night making it harder to come up with alternatives to suicide

• cars have been made better (can preserve organs)
• regenerative medicine from biotech companies
• animal substitutes

• medical sociologist, who found income factor involved in organ donation
• more high income people get assigned organs (relatively smaller black population getting organs)
• this is b/c procedure is expensive and specific medications need to be followed to prevent heart rejection.

• screens people for insurance and ability to pay for transplant before giving people a transplant
• people with mental problems (it's just not going to work)

• white culture
• blacks don't want to donate their organs to whites, who will most likely get them

uninsured people, which is also the population who are less likely to get organs

kidney

americans going overseas to get organs, perhaps some people are forced to give away their organs

assisted suicide group who instructs clients to put helium balloon over their heads

• advocate for assisted suicide, came up with suicide machine (thanatron) that will inject lethal injections
• -thanatron: machine with saline, chemicals to put you to sleep or killed you, person pushes button saline/sleep med/toxin.
• client pushes button (assisted suicide), Dr. Jack pushes it (euthansia or murder)

• not suicide, an act that is assisted, act of painlessness to death
• a being suffering with an incurable condition for reasons of mercy

• he helped her die (euthansia)
• he gave her a cocktail and she drinks (assisted suicide)

• easy, relatively easy death, not hastened death
• reduce suffering with terminal disease (not suicide)
• 1869 sparsely reference to use of euthansia for someone actively putting someone to death

thomas more's utopia in 1516

• in relation to assisted suicide, he said that the goal is to control pain, but if that means increase in chance of death (then acceptable)
• he does not support euthansia

• active: doing something (knowing that they will die)
• passive (don't do anything, don't put them on respirator)

• voluntary (reasons of mercy)
• involuntary (deformed child killed, infanaticide)

machine with carbon monoxide by Dr. Jack K

take pill

• unmarried
• no kids
• protestants
• peacetime

• too much integration (altruistic), too little is egoistic can lead to suicide
• too regulated (fatalist), not enough (anomic--absence of social norms and values)

in Tokyo during rush hour.

people work so much that they die

b/c increase and decrease in financial crisis causes disturbances in societal structure

• state of being deprived of someone
• as a state (lost someone)
• as a process (working through psychologically, and the grief

when you have lost both parents

• analyzed bureaucracy like the rationalization of all sorts of things and the impersonal rules of bureaucracy-->what he found was that it is not that your boss is mean but we have to treat everyone the same, you have a job, you have to come back
• rules and rationalizations

• described acute grief
• has symptoms like shortness of breath, tightness of throat, empty feeling in abs, signs, extreme weakness of muscles, headaches
• lasts 4-6 weeks
• comes back periodically (anniversaries, birthdays)
• psychologically person can be otherwise read as normal, but not

• grief: visible or psychological components. acute grief is consequence of grief that takes physical form
• mourning: working through grief and external presentation (wearing black)
• disenfrancised grief: surviving person does not get the support

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

• anger is part of the healing process
• need to express anger and all the range of emotions, part of saying goodbye (walking the casket to its resting place, anger is expressed on the way (Ghana tribe)

child died after a long process. grief goes on before the person dies

husband killed in car accident on way from work, she thanked everyone on the surgical team, mix of sadness and pain (she had an unhappy marriage, but had to play role of grieving widow)

death of a child

when child carries the gene, and people enjoy seeing their success in their child

• miscarriage
• induced abortions
• stillborn
• death in childhood years

• miscarriages
• can have feelings of guilt if the mom drinks alcohol

• induced abortions
• sadness and relief that baby is gone.

fetus dies in uterus before it is delivered

stillborn

marvin (his brother tells him to wake up but he doesn't. some motor reflexes are still there

Dave

wayne, whose wife was very persistent to get him better, he was partially conscious

coma, PVS, minimally conscious, fully conscious with major cognitive defects, fully conscious with no obvious cognitive defects

brain stem and high brain is not functioning

8 years later husband files petition to have feeding tubes removed,

• 1975-1985
• drugs made her very sick, revived to PVS, turn off respirator and died 9 years later.
• case debating the removal of respirator

• remove feeding tube
• issue of language: Prolife people say that she will starve to death

• when you think about tennis, one side of the brain lights up (means you're answering yes)
• think about running around (means no)

wrote about aging and soccer player, patient of cenegenics (Bellizzi)

purveyor of age-management medicine

hormone produced by placenta after implantation, also signal testes to secrete more testosterone

for stunted growth and atrophy in AIDS

ted speaker, he wants to tweak genes to make us more alive

protect us from aging, delays aging and diseases when it is turned on

• living to 100 and beyond
• increase in life expectancy adds to national wealth

opponent of anti-aging

uses hormones to become buff at old age

cenegenics keep the people's hormone intake levels to about the level at age 35

• Fantastic Voyage: living long enough to live forever
• three bridges
• 1. do things that we know to be healthy and good for our body (exercise, calorie restriction)
• 2. invest in biotechnology (regenerative medicine)
• 3. nanotechnology (machines send them to organs of interest)

david sinclair, active ingredient in red wine, believed to have

(strategies for engineered negligible senescence) maintain state of negligible senescence in the patient to postpone age related diseases for as long as the therapies are applied (periodical repair of all age-related damage to human tissue)

• can regenerative medicine thwart the aging process?
• started the Mehuselah Foundation

overtime, laws are

emsoulment: a soul in a fetus when it starts kicking

1869 he excommunicated abortion

criminalized b/c it put the mother at risk

• 14th or 17th involved the plague
• children sang it
• great fire of london helped to end the plague
• english version talked about sneezing, while american version talked about cremation (ash to ash)

sweet smelling herbs to keep the plague away

• reflects the socialization of death
• death rates were higher for children-->the socialization of death of children-->parents have to be ready for children to die

• irreversible
• end of all physiological function
• universal

• reversible
• partial
• avoidable if you avoid certain mistakes

at age 2

presence and absence is important in seeing death as in playing pee-ka-boo

• formed ideas about children's conception of death before WWII
• 3 stages of development of children's understanding of death
• 1. (3-5 yr) death is not final, state of being asleep, on a trip, diminished view (how do people breath in grave children might ask, we tell them, they do but not very well)
• 2. (5-9yr) tendency to personify death (angel, clown), image of harlequin (emissaries of devil), recognize that death is final, seeing death can be avoided (personal death)
• 3. (9 and older): mature conception

being separated from family, esp mother

directed the seventh seal (when black death came to Europe), chess game (male protagonist and death), keep beating death, but death will get you

accidents, cancer

• 1. symptoms: undulated with presents from family and friends, notice people less open to answer questions, integrates his experiences, conclude he must be very sick. will try out new identity to support his hypothesis
• 2. experience remission "I'm seriously ill but I will get better"
• 3. I will always be ill, but I will get better.  child tries to learn more about condition, pretends to sleep to overhear conversations (this is after 2nd remission)
• 4. will will always be ill and not get better. pain, do less and less for themselves, hospital centered (better pain control in hospitals) concerned about friends

talk to people who are dead. I think its a software

restrict US funds to international family planning groups involved in abortion. vowed to protect every person at every stage and season of life

women have a constitutional right to abortion and that states do not have a right to regulate abortions, particularly abortions performed during the first trimester

abortion

he argued that physicians participated in this anti-abortion movement were motivated less by moral concerns than by their own elitist fears of a drop in birthrate among society's better classes and by their desire to enhance their own professional recognition and monopolize the provision of healthcare.

1873 criminalized birth control devices, the distribution of info on birth control and sexuality and abortion.

opened the nation's first birth control clinic in 1916 and founded the American Birth Control League (predecessor of Planned Parenthood)

deemed the unborn not a person within the meaning and protection of the term person as stated in the 14th amendment

court struck down restrictions on the kinds of facilities where abortions can be performed

morning after abortion pill approved by FDA in 2000, provides another example of no-fault ,me-frist, pill-taking ethos of modern society

catholic church teaches that "ensoulment" occurs at moment of conception. until a few centuries ago in the west, personhood was often not conferred until a child had survived to age of several years b/c of high infant mortality rate

legal abortion increase sexual permissiveness and godlessness and diminishes respect for human life

• late term abortion procedure, induction of partial breech delivery, cutting the fetus's skull, and suctioning its contents
• supreme court made this procedure illegal

declared that embryos and developing fetuses quality for government health care program, indicated gov't recognition of life at moment of conception

are in aborted fetuses and leftover embryos in fertility clinics can be programmed to produce particular body parts

ronald reagan

president that aligned with prolife movement. He extended it to severely deformed infants, posting signs in the hospitals that say discrimination towards the handicapped infants is prohibited

abortion issue contributed to greater gender gap as women defected from Republican party.

better paid and better educated

constraints on abortion rights

• crime is product of unwanted children brught into the world by young, poor, undereducated and unmarried females.
• reduced crime as a result of abortion may be on the order of $30 billion annually.

• thanatology: the scientific study of death
• kearl and harris showed that individuals orientation toward matters of death lies at the very core of his or her entire moral framework

• virginia in 1622
• execution of george kendall

british used drawing, quartering, beheading, breaking on the wheel, colonies used hanging

• quakers in PA benjamin rush
• quakers passed the great act which limited capital punishment

• credited with influencing European though about death penalty...reduced number of crimes punishable by death.
• beccaria thought long term imprisonment is better at preventing future crime

PA's attorney general proposed that there should be gradations of murder

• should two stage trial be necessary in capital case?
• first jury would det guilty or innocent, then same jury determines sentence.

does the death penalty constitute cruel and unusual punishment?

court decided that death penalty is not unconstitutional per say, but the manner in which the sentence is imposed may be unconstitutional

a condition that makes the crime in question worse somehow like killed an old man.

electrocution, lethal gas, hanging, firing squad and lethal injections

3%

US, iran and democratic republic of congo.

no

lethal injection

president of US

georgia, maryland and federal justice system

• tutsis
• carried out by hutus

• rwandan patriotic front, tutsi soldiers commit atrocities against Hutus.
• wanted tutsi refugees to return and a share of political powerin rwanda

inflammatory radio broadcasts.

most people in Rwanda are brought up to accept fate

who your father was

theory that tutsis were superior b/c they originated in Ethiopia where they had been exposed to Christianity

when the ruling elites decide that their continuation in power transcends all other economic and social values.

suicide bomber

led the first approved suicide mission against American fleet

a lock of hair.

brain

• new cadavers harvested for the medical community, basically cadavers but on respirators, brain is dead but other parts may be functioning.
• can be used for banking of platelets, storing major organs
• harvesting the blood, since neomorts will provide a constant supply of blood

process is called internalization

process is called discovery

• seriously ill
• seriously ill and will get better
• always ill and will get better
• always will and will never get better
• dying

• observation of parents after told of diagnosis
• first remission
• first relapse
• several relapses and remission
• death of a peer

term referring to the well siblings of dying children, they are there but not there. They overhear convos but not part of them. They accompany the child to hospital but not present during examination

sleep disorders and acting out

death of a child

help us cope and make survival possible. Denial helps us to pace our feelings of grief. nature's coping mechanism

anger

anger. it builds bridges, creating a connection between you and someone else.

the intensity of your love

• denial
• anger
• bargain
• depression
• acceptance

depression

govern how one should think in certain situations

• death may only be allowed within the family to stress the primacy of family relationships
• rationality: organization are expected to be fiar, functional, rational-->if people allowed time off, organizational burdens.

rituals

but is a duty imposed by the group

internet

social death: person is alive but treated as if dead

persona of someone has changed so much that they are like dead.

as a result of their lack of strong affective reponse

zurich

founded Dignitas

that you have no self-interest in the victim's death and he is of sound mind when he killed himself.

pledged doctors to refrain from hastening the death of their patients and prohibited the prescription of fatal drugs.

sliminating imperfections from the gene pool

patients are sedated and life-sustaining support is withdrawn so they starve to death;

1000/year involuntary euthanasia deaths aren't even labeled "euthanasia" by Dutch medical statisticians

• no AIDS patient wanted assisted suicide b/c these
• patients knew that their suffering would be effectively palliated and
• they would never be abandoned.

, he merely exploited them;

swallowed rat poison to kill herself, but she lived, baby died, charged for murder

turning pregnant women into unequal citizens in the guise of protecting them.Michele Goodwin

fetuses can only be declared legal victims of crimes if they have taken breaths independent of the mother

roe vs. wade

recognizes fetuses at any state of development as legal victims if they are harmed or killed during the commission of certain federal crime

• coma from lack of oxygen to brain
• Terri’s law that allowed the governor to issue a one time stay of a judge’s order to remove a feeding tube in certain cases where patient
• is in PVS

• They need to understand the choices and has the ability to
• reason. Found that they can reason, by stopped brain activity after convoluted
• and complex questions