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Robert Edmond Jones quote
"The only theatre worth saving...is a theatre motion picture cannot touch."
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By the early 1900's (death of theater stats)
- 10,000 nickelodeon movie theaters in the U.S.
- 1400 theaters converted to movie houses
- Touring theater companies dropped from 300 to 10
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By early 20th century avant-garde began to mean
pioneers or innovators of a given field, especially the arts
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5 styles of avant-garde theater
symbolism, expressionism, dadaism or surrealism, futurism, absurdism
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symbolism
truth behind the physical world. Life is more complex than our 5 senses can analyze, specific and concrete replace by suggestive and metaphorical
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Expressionism
Started in germany. reaction to impressionism. not what appears to the eye ata a particular moment but instead a subjective reaction to reality, revealing an internal state. Ex. pink elephants when drunk; Mr. Zero replaced by machine
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Dadaism and Surrealism
Life has no purpose; often violent and cruel; no clear organizing principles in the writing or staging, confusing and antagonizing to the audience, unconscious mind reveals the truth. Ex: Theater of cruelty (Antonin Artaud),Andy Kaufman, Joaquin Phoenix
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Futurism
launched in 1909 by Italian Filipo Marinetti, who glorified the machine age and believed the veneration of the past lead to stagnation;involved audience participation and often led audience anger and riots; rejected the old theater forms which encouraged voyeurism and detachment; An epic play might only last 15 seconds and have multiple plays performed at once
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