BIO 377 Exam 2

__________ is responsible for the repolarization of pacemaker cells.

During ventricular ejection, ________.

A heart murmur that occurs primarily during diastole and is caused from a backflow of blood is __________.

The end-diastolic volume minus the end-systolic volume is the __________.

The SA node is innervated by ________.

What is the Cardiac Output of a hospitalized person in intensive care whose heart rate is 100 beats per minute, systolic pressure is 120 mmHg, diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg, end-systolic volume is 0.07 liters, end-diastolic volume is 0.12 liters, and whose mean atrial pressure is 10 mmHg?

The portion of osmotic pressure exerted by ________ in the blood is known as oncotic pressure.

Blood pressure is usually measured in the _______ artery, which is reflective of ________ pressure.

If a blood vessel constricted to half of its original diameter, to keep the flow rate constant through the vessel, the pressure exerted upon that vessel would need to _________.

Any change in relative distribution of cardiac output to an organ is typically due to changes in ________.

Veins function as _______ reservoirs due to their ________ compliance.

In the lymphatic system, BIG molecules or debris tend to move _________.

Baroreceptors respond to __________, which is/are altered by mean arterial pressure.

Congestive heart failure on the left side of the heart results in ________.

Which answer best describes a myocardial infarction?

A) a fibrillation of the heart
B) hypertrophy of the heart
C) decreased net filtration in capillaries
D) none of these
E) pulmonary edema

A normal hematocrit value is approximately ________ (%).

What hematopoietic growth factor controls red blood cell synthesis, and what organ releases it?

Platelets are best described as ________.

The "string-like" structures directly attached to heart valves to keep them closed are __________.

What would be the direct effects of β-blockers on heart function (given the same amount of adrenaline)?

Normal blood pH is around _________.

The ________ is bounded by the interior surface of the chest wall and exterior surface of the lung.

At rest, an expiration is a(n) _________ process that involves _________.

What is a typically normal intrapleural pressure RELATIVE to a typical outside pressure?

What benefit are corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

_________ refers to the volume of air moved into and out of the lungs in a single breath during unforced breathing.

Factors affecting lung compliance are lung ________ and _________.

The conversion of CO₂ to bicarbonate in the blood occurs primarily within the ________.

A deficiency of oxygen is called _______.

Which statement below best describes the Bohr Effect regarding oxygen binding to hemoglobin?

A)  Decreased [H⁺] decreases probability for oxygen and hemoglobin association.
B) Increased temperature increases probability for oxygen and hemoglobin association.
C) Increased [H⁺] increases probability for oxygen and hemoglobin association.
D) Increased [CO₂] increases probability for oxygen and hemoglobin association.
E)  Decreased [H⁺] increases probability for oxygen and hemoglobin association.

Pulmonary edema describes a condition where he uptake of oxygen and unloading of carbon dioxide is reduced as a consequence of a(n) __________.

In order to transport bicarbonate out of the erythrocyte while maintaining electroneutrality, a ________ molecule is transported into the erythrocyte at the same time bicarbonate moves out.

The medullary Respiratory Center primarily concerned with routine inspiration is the _________.