antiseizure

regional seizures in the brain

global involvement of the brain in a seizure

{10%} cortical focal [Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproate, newer Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate, Oxcarbazepine, Zonisamide] patient is conscious and aware 2. highly localized; minimal spread motor cortex - one limb jerking visual cortex - light flashes or colors somatosensory ctx. - tingling or numbness

psychomotor epilepsy-[Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Valproate,newer Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate, Oxcarbazepine, Zonisamide], usually bilateral limb involvement, altered level of consciousness doesn’t fall to the ground - just unaware, most difficult to treat pharmacologically***

{10%} partial seizure preceding a tonic-clonic attack with convulsions. [Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproate newer Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate,Oxcarbazepine, Zonisamide]

[Ethosuximide > Valproate or Lamotrigine] usually children, blank stare, 10 sec

[Valproate, Lamotrigine]sudden stiffening, frequently fall backwards, loss of consciousness

[Valproate, Lamotrigine] sudden loss of postural tone, usually fall forward

[Valproate, Lamotrigine]

[Lorazepam, Diazepam, Phenytoin and/or Propofol]A continuous seizure state that can be fatal.

is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by RECURRENT seizures.

Is physically addictive

Not used in breastfeeding due to possible liver toxicity

3rd line drug-recommended in patients that didn’t respond to other drugs and the epilepsy is so severe that additional risk is deemed necessary

Gingival hyperplasia and increase in body hair/hirsutism

Phenytoin that is given IV

How are the new drugs usually eliminated from the body? Liver or kidney

D/C if rash develops, and how do you prevent rash from occurring

Visual field defects in 1/3 of patients delayed FDA approval in US

Inducers of microsomal enzymes (3) and what does this mean?

Has the longest half-life

Is an adjunct therapy with partial seizure

For Catamenial epilepsy

Aplastic anemia risk (2)

Lamotrigine-liver or kidney?

Use with extreme caution in renal failure patients

Replaced gabapentin

When should IV drugs be administered in status epilepticus

Decreased effectiveness of OCP (4)

Increased spina bifida risk (2)

For Lennox –Gousttaut and what is this?

Drug of choice for absence seizures

Drug of choice for Status Epilepticus? What else can be used? Why is this not drug of choice?

Must participate in a special program-lots of paperwork

Universal drugs (2)

What do you give if status epilepticus isnt being controlled after 1 hr and you already gave 1st line drugs

May temporarily suppress WBC counts

What drug do you give for status epilepticus if you don’t have control after 2nd line drug?

Should a pregnant lady take antiseizure meds

Steady state stabilized quickly

May aggravate absence seizures

Can raise phenobarbital levels by 40%

Drug and route of administration for treating status epilepticus out of the hospital

Has minimal effects on behavior and therefore is OK in children

Which drug is <1% bound

Must monitor blood levels

Can produce Kidney stones (2)