CARD 1101 M1

The year the first electrogram was produced with a string galvanometer (instrument for detecting small electrical currents and determine their strength) by Willem Einthoven.

The year the first esophageal electrocardiogram was recorded.

In 1905 this person discovered an easy but precise method to measure arterial pressure (called Korotkoff sounds).

The year the first demonstration of abnormal ECGs was organized.

The year the first artrial fibrillation was documented.

The year when angina pectoris changes on an ECG were reported.

The year that Einthoven's Triangle is presented to the Chelsea Clinical Society.

The year when the first demonstration of an acute myocardial infarction is performed.

In 1924, this person publishes his classification of heart blocks.

The year when the first portable ECG machine is built by the Sanborn Company (later acquired by Hewlett-Packard).

The year the first heart catherization is performed by Werner Forssman.

The year the chest leads are introduced.

The year when unipolar limb leads are introduced: VR, VL, and VF (V=Voltage, R=Right Arm, L=Left arm, and F=foot).

The introduction of the augmented limb leads (aVL, aVR, and aVF) happen in this year by Emanuel Goldberger. (aVR=augmented vector right arm).

In 1942, this person standardized the two step exercise test (AKA Master's Two Step).

In 1949 this person developed a 75 pound portable ECG monitor that can record and transmit an ECG.

In 1956, this person used a defibrillator to defibrillate a human heart through a closed chest (transthoracic).

The year the first cardiac pacemaker was implanted.

In 1959 this person describes a variant form of angina.

In 1963 this person and his team develop the multistage treadmill exercise test (Bruce Protocol).

The year when Mason-Likar lead placement is described for exercise stress tests.

The year the first heart transplant is performed by Christiaan Barnard.

The year the first transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty is performed by Andreas Grutzig.

The year the first coronary stent is inserted.

The year the first heart-lung transplant is performed.

The year when article on the Brugada syndrome is published. This syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal ECG findings and increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

The year the first documented essay on cardiac defibrillation is published.

In 1646, this person was the first to use the words "electricity" and "computer".

In 1838, this person demonstrated that an electric current is associated with each heart beat.

In 1872 this person invented the capillary electrometer.

In 1878 these two persons recorded the heart's electrical current which later became known as QRS and T waves.

The year the first apparent attempt at a successful defibrillation.

In 1887 this person publishes the first human electrocardiogram.

In 1893 this person introduced the term electrocardiogram, although this person also credits August Waller. He is often called the "father" of the electrocardiograph.

In 1899 this person published a paper on the analysis of irregular pulses from which Wenkebach block (Mobitz type I) and AV block is derived.