OB MIDTERM

an absence of menstruation

refers to the position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends forward toward the cervix

refers to the position of the uterus when the uterus is tipped slightly forward so that the cervix forms a 90-degree angle or less with the vaginal canal; most common utrine position

a broad fold of peritoneum draped over the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the ovaries; extends from the sides of the uterus to the sidewalls of the pelvis, dividing the pelvis from side to side and creating the vesicouterine pouch anterior to the uterus and the rectouterine pouch posteriorly; it is divided into the mesometrium, mesosalpinx, and mesovarium

wide bands of fibromuscular tissue arising from the lateral aspects of the cervix and inserting along the lateral pelvic floor; a continuation of the broad ligament that provides rigid support for the carvix; also called the transverso cervical ligaments

one of two muscles in the pelvic diaphragm; located on the posterior pelvic floor where it supports the coccyx

an anatomic structure on the surface of the ovary, consisting of a spheroid of yellowish tissue that grows within the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation; acts as a short-lived endocrine organ that secretes progesterone to maintain the decidual layer of the endometrium should conception occur

pain associated with menstruation

a steroidal hormone secreted by the theca interna and granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of the female reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics; promotes the growth of the endometrial tissue during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

portion of the pelvis found above the brim; that portion of the abdominal cavity cradled by the iliac fossae; also called the greater of major pelvis

a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary

a hormonal substance that stimulates the function of the testes and the ovaries; in the female, FSH and LH are gonadotropins

a hormone secreted by the hypothalmus that stimulates the realease of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary gland

paired triangular, flat muscles that cover the inner curved surface of the iliac fossae and join the psoas major muscles to form the lateral walls of the pelvis

bony ridge on the inner surface of the ilium and pubic bones that divided the true and false pelves; also called the pelvic brim or linea terminalis

one of two muscles of the pelvic diaphragm that stretch across the floor of the pelvic cavity like a hammock, supporting the pelvic organs and surrounding the urethra, vagina, and rectum; a broad thin muscle that consists of the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis

a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation and then induces luteinization of the ruptured follicle to form the corpus luteum

refers to the onset of menstruation and the comemcement of cyclic menstrual function; usually occurs between 11 and 13 years of age

refers to the cessation of menstruation

abnormally heavy or long periods

the periodic flow of blood and cellular debris that occurs during menstruation

the portion of the broad ligament below the mesovarium, composed of the layers of the peritoneum that separate to enclose the uterus

the upper portion of the broad ligament that encloses the fallopian tubes

the posterior portion of the broad ligament that is drawn out to enclose and hold the ovary in place

a triangular sheet of muscle that arises from the anterolateral pelvic wall and surrounds the obturator forman; passes through the lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the medial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femer; serves to rotate and abduct the thigh

abnormally light menstrual periods

an incompletely developed or immature ovum

a paired ligament that extends from the inferior/medial pole of the ovary to the uterine cornua; also called the utero-ovarian ligament

the frmale egg; a secondary oocyte released from the ovary at ovulation

a serous membrane envloping the uterus; also called the serosa

a flat, pyramidal muscle arising from the anterior sacrum, passing through the greater sciatic notch to insert into the superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur; serves to rotate and abduct the thigh

an abnormally frequent recurrence of the menstryal cycle, of less than 21 days

time period in young girls before the onset of menstruation

a steroidal hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maitain the endometrium for the arrival and implantation of an embryo

paired muscles that originate at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and extend inferiorly through the false pelvis on the pelvic sidewall, wheere it unites with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle before inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur; servies to flex the thigh towards the pelvis

area in the pelvic cavity between the rectum and the uterus that is likely to accumulate free fluid; also known as the posterior cul-de-sac and the pouch of Douglas

refers to the position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix

refers to the position of the uterus when the entire uterus is tipped posteriorly so that the angle formed between the cervix and vaginal canal is greater than 90 degrees

paired ligaments that originate at the uterine cornua, anterior to the fallopian tubes, and course anterolaterally within the broad ligament to insert into the fascia of the labia majora; hold the uterus forward in its anteverted position

located between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis; contains extraperitoneal fat

parallel lingitudinal lines commonly seen in muscle tissue when imaged sonographically; appear as hyperechoic parallel lines running in the long axis of the hypoechoic muscle tissue

paired ligaments that extend from the infundibulum of the fallopian tube and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall; also called the infundibulopelvic ligament

pelvic cavity found below the brim of the pelvis; also called the minor or lesser pelvis

posterior portion of the cardinal ligament that extends from the cervix to the sacrum

area in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the uterus; also known as the anterior cul-de-sac

structure or tissue next to or near another related structure; ovaries and the fallopian tues are adnexa of the uterus

tipped forward

small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus

any projection like a horn; refers to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tube arises

refers to a horizontal plane through the lingitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior

inner lining of the uterine cavity, which appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound, depending on the menstrual cycle

inner surface of the cervical os

an opening or entrance into a canal or cavity, as the vagina

state after reaching puberty in which menses occur normally every 21 to 28 days

when menses have ceased permanently

days 1 to 4 of the menstrual cycle; endometrial canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue

middle layer of the uterine cavity that appears very homogeneous with sonography

pregnancy

doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak

time before the onset of menses

days 5 to 9 of the mestrual cycle; endometrium appears as a singlr thin stripe with a hypoechoic halo encompassing it; creates the "three-line sign"

days 10 to 14 of the menstrual cycle; ovulation occurs; the endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity

doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean

bending backwards

refers to a vertical plane through the lingitudinal axis of the body that divides it into two portions

difference between peak systole and end diastole

days 15 to 28 of the mestrual cycle; the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and chogenicity with posterior enhancement

technique that uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity, with the inssertion of saline solution or contrast medium, to fill the endometrial cavity for the purpose of demonstrating abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tubes

across or through the labia

across or through the perineum

benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy, painful menstrual bleeding

hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix; may be broad based or pendunculated

acquires condition with obstruction of the cervical canal

scraping with a curet to remove the contents of the uterus, as is done following inevitable or incomplete abortion; to produce abortion; to abtain specimens for use in diagnosis; and to remove growths, such as polyps

pain in association with menstruation

a portion of the canal of the uterine cervix that is lined with squamous epithelium

pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity

malignancy characterized by abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity; usually includes irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and in postmenopausal women

condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin; frequent cause of bleeding (especially in postmenopausal women)

pedunculated or sessile well-defined mass attached to the endometrial cavity

infection within the endometrium of the uterus

small cyst within the vagina

obstruction of the uterus and/or the vagina characterized by an accumulation of blood

obstruction of the uterus and/or the vagina characterized by an accumulation of fluid

most common benign gynecologic tumor in women during their reproductive years

irregular, acyclic bleeding

benign tiny cyst within the cervix

obstruction of the uterus and/or the vagina characterized by an accumulation of pus

injection of sterile saline into the endometrial cavity under ultrasound guidance; also known as saline infused sonography (SIS)

most common type of cervical cancer

type of leiomyoma found to deform the endometrial cavity and cause heavy or irregular menses

type of leiomyoma that may become pedunculated and appear as an extrauterine mass

an antiestrogen druf used in treation carcinoma of the breast