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Splenius Capitis: Attachments
- Nuchal Ligament
- spinous processes of C7 - T3/T4
- Mastoid process
- Lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line
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Splenius Capitis: Innervation & Blood Supply
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (C4 - C8)
- Branches of Occipital A.
- Transverse Cervical A. (superficial branches)
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Splenius Capitis: Actions
Alone: Lateral flex neck and rotate head to side.
Together: Extend head and neck
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Splenius Cervicis: Attachments
- Nuchal Ligament
- Spinous processes of T3 - T6
Transverse processes C1 - C3/C4
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Splenius Cervicis: Innervation & Blood Supply
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (C4 - C8)
- Branches of Occipital A.
- Transverse Cervical A. (superficial branches)
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Splenius Cervicis: Actions
Alone: Lateral flex neck and rotate head to side.
Together: Extend head and neck
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Iliocostalis: Attachments
Sacrum, Illiac crest, Spinous process of T11 - L5
- LUMBORUM / THORACIS / CERVICIS
- Fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervicle transverse processes
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Iliocostalis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
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Iliocostalis: Actions
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement as their fibers are lengthened (eccentric contraction)
Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
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Longissimus: Attachments
Sacrum, Illiac crest, Spinous process of T11 - L5
- THORACIS / CERVICIS / CAPITIS
- Fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracis and cervical regions, and to mastoid process
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Longissimus: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
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Longissimus: Actions
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement as their fibers are lengthened (eccentric contraction)
Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
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Spinalis: Attachments
Sacrum, Illiac crest, Spinous process of T11 - L5
- THORACIS / CERVICIS / CAPITIS
- Fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic regions and to cranium
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Spinalis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
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Spinalis: Actions
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement as their fibers are lengthened (eccentric contraction)
Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
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Semispinalis: Attachments
Transverse processes of C4 - T12
- THORACIS / CERVICIS / CAPITIS
- Occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracis and cervical regions
- (spanning 4-6 segments)
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Semispinalis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
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Semispinalis: Actions
Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column
Rotates spine and head contralaterally
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Multifidis: Attachments
Sacrum, illium, aponeurosis of erector spinae, transverse processes of all vertebra except C1 - C3
- Spinous processes of all vertebra except C2
- (fibers insert 2-4 segments superior to origin)
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Multifidis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
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Multifidis: Actions
- Extension
- Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
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Rotatores: Attachments
- Transverse processes of vertebrae
- (developed best in thoracic region)
- Junction of lamina and transverse process of vertebra immediately superior to origin
- (1 segment = brevis)
- (2 segments = longus)
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Rotatores: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
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Rotatores: Actions
Rotate the spine!
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Minor Deep Back Muscles:
Location, Action, Innervation
Interspinales / Intertransversarii / Levatores Costarum (Medial to Lateral)
Minor role in spinal stability
Posterior Rami EXCEPT the lateral parts of intertransversarii m. (anterior rami)
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Actions of Erector Spinae Group
- UnilaterallyLateral flexion to ipsilateral side
- Control bending to contralateral side
- BilaterallyTrunk extension
- Stabilize during flexion
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Actions of Transversospinal Group
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Actions of Splenius Muscles
- BilaterallyHead flexion / extension
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