-
When working with lab animals it is important to ______ and ____ before and after handling.
- >wear appropriate clothing
- >wash hands
-
Rabbits are generally docile however when removing from a cage one must_____
- >asses attitude
- >grasp scruff with one hand and with the other hand support the hind quarters by placing hand under the rump
-
What is the significance of supporting the hind quarters when carrying a rabbit?
Prevents them from kicking their legs and causing injury to the back by over extension of the thoracular lumbar spine
-
Rabbit can be carried short distances by>
and can also be carried like a football by>
- >one hand grasping scruff and supporting hind limbs with other hand around the rump
- >grasping scruff with R and putting nose in bend of L elbow
-
Never pick up by its ______ because______.
- >ears
- >sensitive and easily injured
-
If animal starts to struggle quickly____. Once animal has calmed down _______.
- >put down and hold against your body
- >re-establish hold
-
For table top restraint of the rabbit____.
- >place one hand around rump
- >other hand resting lightly over shoulders
-
Procedures that require more restraint _____
- >wrap in towel
- >put in zipper bag restrainor
-
Rabbit should be returned to its cage _______ while ________ with one hand and ___________ with the other using backward pressure to ______ and _______ the hind legs.
Place in cage _______ first.
- >hind end first
- >firmly grasping scruff
- >supporting under the abdomen in flank region
- >extend and immobilize the hind legs
- >hind legs
-
When sexing the male the _____ is not always obvious especially in young animals.
>scrotal sac
-
______ are used to instill liquids directly into the stomach.
stomach or gavage tubes
-
Materials needed to stomach tube a rabbit
>
>
>
>
>
- >container of water
- >stomach tube
- >mouth speculum
- >syringe
- >equipment to restrain rabbit
-
Describe the placement and procedure of a gavage/stomach tube. Include
>significance of head in natural flex position
>checking placement. Lungs or stomach?
Measure gavage tube before insertion - tip of nose to last rib. Restrain, leaving head free. Insert mouth speculum behind incisors. Moisten tube then place through speculum inserting to the marked line. Keep head in natural flex position so tube goes into stomach not lungs. To inure proper placement put the free end of tube in water. If air bubbles appear then you are in the lungs if air bubbles are not present inject water in tube and then aspirate to check for greenish/brown stomach contents. Continue by injecting solution then flush with water. Bend the tube before removing to prevent contents from entering the lungs. After the procedure observe the rabbit for any signs of distress
-
Rabbit vs Hare
Rabbit
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)young?
(5)susceptible to?
(6)
- 1> social
- 2> dig burrows
- 3> make nest and line with fur
- 4> young blind and helpless - altricial
- 5> susceptible to myxomatosis
- 6> warrens - permission to raise rabbits
-
Rabbit vs Hare
Hare
(1)social?
(2)
(3)
(4)young?
(5)size?
(6)susceptible?
- 1> usually solitary
- 2> do not dig burrows
- 3> rest in depressions called "forms"
- 4> young born fully furred with eyes open - precocious
- 5> generally larger than rabbits
- 6> not susceptible to myxomatosis
-
_____
(1) shorter ears and legs
(2) live in rocky terrain
(3) store food
Pikas
-
Domestic Rabbit
> derived from____
> scientific name____
> many breeds_____(as many as you can remember)
- > European wild rabbit
- > Oryctolagus cuniculis
- > New Zealand white, New Z red, California, dutch belted, lop, dwarf, angora, belgian hare, polish, flemish, etc
-
Rabbits: research use
Advantages
> good producer of _____
>
> large enough for____
> ____ available
- > antibodies
- > large body of research already done on rabbits
- > major surgical procedures
- > genetically unique strains
-
Rabbits: research use
Disadvantage
> variable response to ______
> prone to________
> prone to _______ such as, _______
> respiratory diseases due to _____ decreases _______
- > anesthetic agents
- > cardiovascular failure
- > stress diseases, coccidiosis
- > Pasteurella, gaseous exchange
-
Lifespan of rabbit
1. normal_____
2. commercial_____
3. Lab______
- 1. 5 - 10 yrs, record 15 yrs
- 2. 2-3 years
- 3. few days to several years
-
Rabbit disposition and behaviour
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
- > alert and docile, adapt readily to cages
- > frightened rabbits may kick, jump or scream
- > occasional attack rabbit
- > play with feeders, water bottles and lickers
- > males spray urine
- > adult males fight with eachother
-
Teeth:
1. dental formula
2. ______ grow continuously
- > I:2/1 (peg teeth), C:0/0, P:3/2, M:3/3
- > incisors
-
Urine:
> color, due to ____
> pH =____; ______ is normal
Temp:
>_____
> average -
Heart rate:
> ______ beats per minute
Hematocrit:
> __-__%
- >creamy yellow, turbid due to calcium crystals
- > 8.2; moderate proteinuria
- > 99.1-103 F
- >101.1 F
- >250-300 bpm
- > 40-45%
-
Rabbit - Blood Volume:
1. ____% of body weight or ____
2. safe blood sample-____% of total blood volume on a weekly basis or ___% of total blood volume on a single occasion.
> administer____ IV to replace lost fluids
3. more resistant to _____
- 1. ~6% or 56 ml/kg
- 2. 7.5%, 15%
- > saline
- 3. anemia
-
Rabbit Digestion:
1. _____
> grazers in the wild
> can eat____ and damage _____
2. ______ in ______, the largest part of tract
Feces:
1.
2. ______ is normal - special pellet is produced during______, is softer with mucus covering and digested straight from anus
Activity:_______
- 1. herbivorous
- > bark, trees
- 2. fermentative digestion in cecum
- 1. hard, dark, round green and brown pellets
- 2. coprophagy, dawn hours
- << crepuscular
-
Rabbit Reproduction
1. Puberty:
2. estrus cycle:
>
> conception rates and production lower in ____
3. Estrus:
> will accept male during ______ period when ____________
> _______ more likely to indicate receptivity
- 1. 5-9 months
- 2. >polyestrus >winter
- 3. > 2-4 week, multiple follicles are maturing > red, moist vulva
-
Rabbit Reproduction:
4. ovulation:
5. behaviour:
>receptive doe will __________
>_____ builds nest before _____(pulls hair)
6. copulation:
> take ____ to ____ cage
> duration?
> _______ when finished
7. gestation:
> takes _____ (up to ____ in the hare)
> usually can palpate pregnancy in ______
- 4. induced by copulation
- 5.> hop around and rub chin on cage > doe, kindling
- 6.> doe to buck >fast, 30seconds >buck screams and falls over backward
- 7.> days (45) > 10-14 days
-
Rabbit Reproduction:
8. Parturition:
> called
> _______ can occur (up to 3 days apart)
> babies called _____ or ____
9. litter size:_____, record____
10. lactation:
> milk:
> how often?
> weaning:
- 8.>kindling >split parturition >bunnies or kits
- 9. 3-10, record 23
- 10.>very rich >2-3x per day >8 weeks
-
Parasympatholytics used as peremdication to anesthesia and surgery:
1. ________ - 50% or more rabbits may have _______, hence pre-medication with this agent may not be effective even at doses as high as ___mg/kg. This is the reason some rabbits can eat deadly nightshade with impunity
2. _________ - quaternary ammonium with powerful antisialagogue activity; has been shown to be effective in rabbits with AtrE at a dose of ____ mg/kg IM.
- 1. Atropine, atropinestrase (AtrE), 2 mg/kg
- 2. Glyccopyrrolate, 0.1 mg/kg IM
-
Anesthesia and analgesia: sedatives and tranquilizers>
1. _________ - this phenothiazine tranquilizer can be used alone or in combination with a variety of agents.
a. by itself - ___-___mg/kg via __, __, __,
b. or in combination with ______ or _____/_____ - ___mg/kg
2. _______. This benzodiazopine tranquilizer can be used alone or in combination with a variety of agents
a. by itself - _____mg/kg, ___ or ___
b. in combination with ______(___mg/kg) + ___mg/kg _____.
- 1. Acepromazine.
- a. 0.25-0.75 mg/kg, IV, IM, SC
- b. ketamine or ketamine/xylazine - 1mg/kg
- 2. Diazepam.
- a. 1-2 mg/kg, IM IV
- b. ketamine (30mg/kg)+5mg/kg diazepam
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