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How did chemists begin to organize the known elements
by using the properties of elements to sort them into groups
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How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table
by atomic mass
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how is the modern periodic table organized
atomic number
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when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
periodic law
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what are 3 broad classes of elements
metals, nonmetals, metalloids
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across a period, do properties of elements get less or more metallic
less
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generally good conductors of heat and electric current
metal
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properties of metal
ductile, malleable
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poor conductors of heat and electric current
nonmetal
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generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals
metalloid
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where are the metals found on the periodic table
anywhere left of the staircase
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where are the nonmetals found on the periodic table
right of the staircase
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where are the metalloids found on the periodic table
along the staircase
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what is the only metal that is liquid at room temp
mercury
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how can you tell that a group of elements have similar properties
if they are in the same group they have similar properties
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what info can be displayed in a periodic table
the symbols and names of the elements, along with the info about the structure of their atoms
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elements in group 1A
alkaline metals
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elements in group 2A
alkaline earth metals
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nonmetals in group 7A
halogens
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how can elements be classified based on electron configurations
they can be sorted into noble gasses, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations
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elements in groups 1A-7A; display a wide range of physical and chemical properties
representative elements
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group B elements that are usually displayed in the main body of the periodic table
transition metals
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elements that appear below the main body of the periodic table
inner transition metals
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what are the trends among the elements for atomic size
atomic size increases from top to bottom within a group and decreases from left to right across the periodic table
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half of the distance btween the nuclei of 2 atoms for the same element when the atoms r joined
atomic radius
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as you go up to flourine on the periodic table, what happens to the atomic size
the atomic size decreases
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what needs to happen for a neutral atom and what is the overall charge
number of protons has to equal number of electrons and the overall charge is 0
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how do ions form
positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred btween atoms
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an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
ion
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an ion with a positive charge
cation
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ion with a negative charge
anion
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the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
ionization energy
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what are the trends among the elements for first ionization energy
first ionization energy tends to decrease from top to bottom within a group and increase from left to right across a period
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what happens to the ionization energy when you go up to flourine
it increases
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what happens to the ionic size when you gain an electron
it gets bigger
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what are the trends among the elements for ionic size
ionic size tends to increase from top to bottom within a group. Generally, the size of cations and anions decrease from left to right across a period
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the ability of an atom of an element to attract elements when the atom is in a compound
electronegativity
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what are the trends among the elements for electronegativity
electronegativity values decrease from top to bottom within a group. For representative elements, the values tend to increase from left to right across a period
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what is the most electronegative element
flourine
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what happens to the electromagnetic electricity as it gets closer to flourine
it increases
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what happens to the atomic size as you go toward flourine
decreases
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what happens to the ionization energy as you go toward flourine
increases
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what happens to the electronegativity when you go towards flourine
increases
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what is it called when it goes left to right on a periodic table
a period
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what happens when it goes up and down on a periodic table
group
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the subatomic particle that plays the greatest role in determining the physical and chemical properties of an element
electron
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