Philosophy 1

Philosophy comes from the ___ word ___ which means love and  ___ which means wisdom

it is a branch of human science which deals with the formal reasons and formal principles of things knowable through the natural light of human reason alone

3 definitions of philosophy

___ because philosophy is not just an accumulation of knowledge but a systematic body of knowledge

___ because philosophy searches for what is essential and it is more on formal features rather than the physical or material  features of a thing

___ because man alone has the capability to rationalize

"The heart has reason in which reason itself cannot understand"

it is the science of "things"

it is an attempt to reach a systematic knowledge of various aspects of reality

Why does man Philosophize?

Beginnings of Philosophizing

What kind of philosophy is needed?

Know Thyself

Philosophy is all about the ___

branches of philosophy

it is more on the acquisition of knowledge

Philosophy on beauty

Philosophy on being

Philosophy on God

Philosophy on Knowledge --> truth

Philosophy on man

Philosophy on  values

Philosophy on universe

types of speculative philosophy

logic and ethics; actions that we apply

problems on the Philosophy of man

Questions under Nature of man

Questions under condition of being man

He thought water was the substance from which all development began

he believed that the four elements (fire,earth, air, water) were the substances from which all development began

he differentiated between a world of experience inaccessible to reason and a world full of thought that comprises the truth of existence.

he considered the everyday experience of motion to be an illusion

he believed the real world to be a static energy

saw the world to be an ever changing reality

Greek: everything is in constant flux

Considered air as the principle of life

he postulated it to be the infinite which evolves continuously so that it generates different kinds of objects and organisms that make up the world

he envisaged a world-encompassing mind

means infinite

they regarded the concept of discete invisible units, mediated between what is abstract and what is concrete

he argues that a person cannot posses the truth but can only strive for it

he believed that the ultimate goal of all human action was good and justice

An intelligent man is a ___ man; and a wise man is a ___ man

he believed that all objects in this world are copies of ideal forms that exists in an unchanging world, beyond time and space

3 parts of soul according to plato

3 types of people in the society (according to the allegory of the cave)

he believed that the only world man could be certain was the one he lived in

Aristotle decided that all things have two qualities -- ___ and ___

___ alone exists as perfect form without matter

he believed that there is dichotomy between the body and soul

he claimed that there is no dichotomy between body and soul

the body is the matter of the soul and the soul is the form of the body

he viewed man as a rational animal

3 kinds of soul according to aristotle

capable of feeding, growing, and reproducing

capable of feeding, growing, reproducing and has feelings

capable of thinking, reasoning and willing

Aristotle believes that the rational faculty of man achieves its excellence or perfection through the exercise of ___

moral virtue is the result of ___

he maintains that man is created in the image of God

he claimed that human nature is basically good, however, tainted by man's wrong use of his God-given freedom

he said that salvation is possible through the church and her sacraments

like Aristotle, he argues that man is a substantial union of the body and soul

notable and varied views relative to the issue of human nature

by Confucius and Mencius -- Nature of Man - Good

happiness in the context of material abundance

By Karl Popper

3 worlds in the scientific view

bodily existence

locus of ideas, thoughts and emotions

man's social relations/intersubjectivity

By St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas

2 world in the scholastic view

part of the world and lives among entities in the world

Secular/Mundane views (by)