Chapter 6

policies designed to give special attention to members of a previously disadvantaged group

laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by most Southern states after WWI

school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates 14th amendment (equal protection)

government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary treatment by government. Ex: sex, race, origin, age, religion, sexual orientation.

outlaw segregation in public facilities and racial discrimination. Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

racial discrimination based from behavior, not law

racial segregation that is the direct result of law.

• from Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbids discrimination on basis of race, creed, origin, religion,
• sex in hiring and firing.

section of the 14th amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the law.”

one of the three Civil War amendments; guarantees equal protection and due process of the laws to all U.S. citizens.

one of the three Civil War amendment; specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves.

voting qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction

laws enacted by Southern States that discriminated against blacks by creating “Whites Only” in schools, theatres, and hotels

guaranteed women’s right to vote

• Plessy challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites. The court found separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal
• protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

tax levied in many Southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a Ballot

a heighted standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the Constitutional validity of a challenged practice

the drive for voting rights for woman that took place in the United States from 1890 to 1920

Category or class, such as race that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the Supreme Court

one of the three Civil War amendments; specifically bans slavery in the United States

provision of the Educational Amendments of 1972 that bars education institutions receiving federal funds from discriminating against female students

“Equality of rights should not be denied or abridged by the United States or the State on account of sex”