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Lied
German word for song most commonly associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century, usually accompanied by piano
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strophic form
song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza(strophe) of the poem
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Through composed
song structire that is composed from begining to end , without repetitions of large sections
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modified strophic
songm structure that combines elements of stropic and through composed forms a variation of strophic form in a section might have a new key, rhythm, or varied melodic pattern
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Durchkomponiert
The german word for through composed
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Piano
keyboard instrument whose strings are stuck with hammers controlled by a key board mechanis; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key
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Polonaise
Stately polish professional dance in triple meter
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Polychord
performance style developed in the late 16th century involving the use of two or more choirs that alternate with each other or sing together
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Rubato
"borrowed time" common in romatic music, in which the performer hesitates here or hurries there, imparing flexibility to the written note values -also tempo rubato
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nocturne
"night piece" introspective work common in the nineteenth century, often for piano
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ostinato
a short melodic work rhythmic or harmonic patteren that is repeted throughout a work or a section of one
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bel canto
"beautiful singing" elegant italian wocal style characterized by florid melodic lines delivered by voices of great agility,smoothness, and purity of tone
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program symphony
multimovement programmatic orchestral work, typically from the 19th century
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idée fixe
"fixed idea" term coined by belioz for a recurring musical idea that links different movements of a work
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Dies Irae
chant from the Requiem Mass whoes text concerns judgement day
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Col legno
an unusual string technique -tapping the wood with strings-(found in symphonie fantastique)
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opera
musical drama that is generally sung throughout, combing the resources of vocal and instrumental music with poetry and drama, acting and pantomime, scenery and constumes
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libretto
text, or script, of an opera,prepared by a librettist
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habanera
moderate duple-meter dance of cuban origin,popular in the nineteenth century; based on characteristic rhythmic figure
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ophicleide
a 19th-century brass instrument (now obsolete) with woodwind finguring holes
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symphonic poem
one movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene,or creats a mood, generally associated with the romantic era. and "tone Poem"
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tone poem
see Symphonic poem X3
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Whole-Tone scale
scale pattern built entirely of whole-stpe intervals, common in the music fo the french impression
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Glissando
Rapid slide through pitches if a scale
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Symbolism
A literary movement-a parallel movement against tradition took places in poetry headed by symbolist poets Budelaire, and Mallarme. Their principle objective was to suggest a situation or events rathers than discribe it; to present the symbol rather than state them. They emphasized the sound of the word rather than their meaning
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Modal
Characterized music that is based on modes other than and minor especially the early church modes
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Mode-MODAL HARMONY
scale or sequence of notes used as the basis for a composition : major and minor are modes
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Antique cymbals
small disks of brass held by the player one in each hand that are stuck together gently and allowed to vibrate
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ballet
a dance form feature a stage presentation of group or solo dancing with music, costumes, and scenery
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Pentatonic scale
five note pattern used in some africa, Far Eastern, and Native American musics can also be found in western music as an example of exoticism
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Tritonic
Three-notes scale pattern used in the music of some sub-Saharan African music cultures
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Flutter Tonguing
Wind instruments technique in which the toungue is fluttered of trilled against the roof of the mouth
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Dissonance
Combination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable in the need of resolution
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Petrushka Chord
Found in Stravinsky's Petrushka= a C- arpeggio toghether qwith an F# Major arpeggio
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Musical
Genre of twentiwth-century music theater especially popular in the United States and great Britain: characterized by spoken dialogue,dramatic plot interspersed with songs ensemble numbers and dancing
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Polytonality
the simultaneous use of two or more keys in 20th centure keys
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Mambo
dance of Afro-Cuban origin with a characteristic quadruple meter rhythmic pattern
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Canon
Type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line strictly imitate another at a fixed distance throughout
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Hemiola
a change of rhythmic stress over an unchanged time-signature
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Choreography
The planning of the movement of a dance (ballet)
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Atonality
Total abandonment of tonality (centering in a key) Atonal music moves from one level of dissonance to another without areas of relaxation
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