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Different from most other people who share one's culture
Deviant
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Causing distress to the person or to others
Distressful
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Behaviors interfere with normal day-to-day life
Dysfunctional
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Psychological disorders are influenced by the interaction of our
- Biology (genetics)
- Psychology (expectations)
- Socio-cultural environment (poverty, prior experiences)
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Classifying disorders and labeling people guidebook is the
American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
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Anxiety disorders include
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Panic disorder
- Phobias
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
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Disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful; person cannot identify the cause of the tension
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Free-floating
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An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread
Panic disorder
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Symptoms often misread as a heart attack or similar
Panic attack
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Is an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear or avoidance of a specific object or situation
Phobia
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Fear of being judged by others
Social phobia
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Fear or avoidance of situations in which panic may strike
Agoraphobia
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Characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions
Obsessive- compulsive disorder
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Post- Traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by
Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, insomnia, lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
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Involve a separation of conscious awareness from previous memories, thoughts and feelings
Dissociative disorders
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Lack of conscience for wrong-doing, even toward friends and family (lack of compassion)
Antisocial personality disorder
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Psychological disorders characterized by a prolonged state of emotional extremes
- Major depressive disorder (clinical depression)
- Bipolar disorder
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Biologically, life's purpose is to and not
- Survival and reproduction
- Happiness
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Depression helps us face and solve problems
Gives us time to think and consider our options in the face of trouble
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A person with a major depressive disorder experiences two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods
- Lethargy
- Feeling worthless
- Loss of interest in family, friends and activities
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A person with bipolar disorder alternates between depression and
Mania
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People are over talkative, overactive and elated, sleep less, sexually uninhibited, easily irritated, extreme optimism and self esteem
Mania
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In milder forms, mania's energy and free-flowing thinking can fuel
Creative energy
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Schizophrenia is a group of severe disorders characterized by
- Disorganized and delusional thinking
- Disturbed perceptions
- Inappropriate emotions and actions
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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Inappropriate behaviors that are present
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Feels or actions that one expects to be present are absent (flat affect- little/no emotion) (catatonia- absent of movement)
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Disorganized thinking may appear as and often distorted by
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People with schizophrenia may hear, see, feel, taste, or smell things that are not there
Hallucinations
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Inappropriate emotions and actions are often split off from reality and others may exhibit and inappropriate motor behaviors may take forms remaining motionless for hours
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Patterns of substance use can lead to significant impairment or distress
Maladaptive
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A lessening effect requires large doses
Tolerance
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Discomfort and distress when discontinued
Withdrawal
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Types of psychoactive drugs
- Depressants
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens
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Stimulate, inhibit or mimic the activity of and work at the brain's
- Neurotransmitters
- Synapses
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Criticism of diagnoses casts too wide a net for disorder categories
400
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Labels trigger society's value judgments can cause us to view and labels can be
- A person differently
- Self-fulfilling
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Benefits of diagnostic labels help mental health professionals
- Pinpoint underlying causes
- Share information about effective treatments
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