-
Which of the following terms is BEST used to describe an infection with suppuration resulting from the entrapment of pathogens in a contained space?
Abscess
Cellulitis
Fistula
Embolus
Abscess
- An abscess is an infection with suppuration resulting from the entrapment of pathogens in
- a contained space
-
Which of the following terms BEST describes the infectious process created by normal flora because the body's defenses are compromised?
Suppuration
Normal flora
Opportunistic infections
Perforation
Opportunistic infections
-
Which of the following infections initially and DIRECTLY involves teeth and associated tissue?
Lymphadenitis
Endophthalmitis
Odontogenic infection
Otitis media
Odontogenic infection
-
A dental professional SHOULD understand
the infectious process that allows microorganisms to create disease. Certain
nonresident microorganisms can invade and initiate an infection.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
Both statements are true
Both statements are true
-
Upon intraoral examination of a patient's palate, you notice the presence of an abscess. Which teeth can be involved with the clinical presentation of this abscess?
Maxillary lateral incisors: lingual surfaces and roots; maxillary premolars: lingual surfaces and roots; and maxillary molars: lingual surfaces and roots
Maxillary molars: buccal surface and buccal roots
Maxillary molars: buccal surfaces and buccal roots; mandibular first and second molars:
buccal surfaces and buccal roots
Maxillary anterior teeth: all surfaces and roots; maxillary posterior teeth: buccal surfaces and roots
Maxillary lateral incisors: lingual surfaces and roots; maxillary premolars: lingual surfaces and roots; and maxillary molars: lingual surfaces and roots
-
Which of the following disease states can DIRECTLY cause a periapical abscess?
Dentigerous cyst formation
Progressive caries
Chronic gingivitis
Periodontal disease
Progressive caries
Chronic gingivitis can cause the marginal and interdental gingival tissue to become enlarged and inflamed.
-
Early detection of an abscess is imperative in order to avoid destruction of dental tissue. Early detection of an abscess is BEST accomplished with the use of dental radiographs.
Both statements are true.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
Both statements are false
The first statement is true; the second is false.
- The first statement is true. Early detection of abscess is imperative in order to avoid
- destruction of dental tissue. The second statement is false. Abscess formation may NOT be detectable on radiographs during the early stages. This is because the infection process may NOT have destroyed alveolar bone, thereby decreasing the density of the bone that can be seen radiographically as a radiolucent image.
-
Which of the following signs OR symptoms CANNOT be used to describe cellulitis of the face and neck?
Redness
Tenderness
Systemic infection
Pain
Systemic infection
- Even though infection is associated with cellulitis, a diffuse inflammation of soft tissue
- spaces, the infection usually remains localized and is NOT systemic.
-
Which of the following disease states may be involved in an odontogenic infection that has an inflammation of the bone marrow?
Osteomyelitis
Meningitis
Cellulitis
Paresthesia
Osteomyelitis
-
Osteomyelitis most often occurs in the
mandible BECAUSE of the mandible's thicker cortical plates and reduced vascularization.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
-
When a patient complains of burning and
prickling in the mandible, more than likely he or she has a condition known as Ludwig's angina BECAUSE an infection from the entrapment of pathogens or normal flora with suppuration has become encased in that area.
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct
The statement is NOT correct. When a patient complains of burning and prickling in the mandible, more than likely he or she has a condition known as paresthesia, NOT Ludwig’s angina. The reason is NOT correct. An infection from the entrapment of pathogens with suppuration describes an abscess, and normal flora is resident bacteria that normally does NOT cause an infection.
-
Which of the following symptoms is NOT
related to an infection of the paranasal sinuses that resulted from a direct spread of infection from the teeth and associated oral tissue?
Tenderness
Hypothermia
Pharyngeal discharge
Headache
Hypothermia
- Fever or increased body temperature is often associated with infection. Hypothermia is a
- decrease in body temperature.
-
Which of the following disease states can DIRECTLY cause the spread of dental infections by way of the vascular system?
Pustule
Abscess
Fistula
Bacteremia
Bacteremia
-
An infected thrombus can dislodge from the inner blood vessel wall and travel as an embolus. Emboli can travel in the veins, draining the oral cavity into areas such as the dural venous sinuses within the oral cavity.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
Both statements are false.
Both statements are true
Both statements are true
-
Which of the following signs and symptoms CANNOT be used to describe cavernous sinus thrombosis?
Rapid pulse
Bradycardia
Drowsiness
Fever
Bradycardia
- Bradycardia is a decreased heart rate or pulse rate. An increase or rapid pulse is a common
- sign or symptom of cavernous sinus thrombosis.
-
From what case histories do MOST odontogenic infections in patients result from?
Sinusitis
Upper respiratory infection
Dermatologic infections
Dental biofilm (plaque)
Dental biofilm (plaque)
-
The loss of which of the following is noted during an examination of a patient with abducens nerve paralysis?
Hearing
Smelling sensation
Eyeball movement
Tongue movement
Eyeball movement
Abducens nerve paralysis affects the sixth cranial nerve, which is an efferent nerve to one of the muscles that moves the eyeball.
-
Which of the following complications can result from untreated cellulitis?
Ludwig angina
Trigeminal neuralgia
Bell's palsy
Transient facial paralysis
Ludwig angina
Cellulitis can possibly spread due to perforation of the surrounding bone, causing serious complications such as Ludwig’s angina, which is cellulitis of the submandibular space.
-
Which of the following is KEY to preventing complications with odontogenic infections in patients?
Using mouthwashes
Sterilizing instruments
Covering hard operatory surfaces
Early diagnosis and treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment
-
Which of the following factors is important in the spread of odontogenic infections from their involvement with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria?
Thicker cell walls
Beta-lactamase enzyme
Increased metabolism
Adaption to wet environment
Beta-lactamase enzyme
More than half of the gram-negative anaerobic bacteria are capable of producing the beta-lactamase enzyme, which is responsible for the initial etiology of head and neck infections, as well as many treatment failures in odontogenic infections.
-
Evaluation of lymph node involvement can BEST determine which of the following?
Healing level of patient
Etiology of infection
Age of the patient
Regional involvement
Regional involvement
-
What recent procedure performed in the
community has increased the cases of Ludwig's angina?
Laser hair removal
Ear piercing
Tooth jewelry
Tongue piercing
Tongue piercing
-
A thorough medical history with periodic updates will allow the dental professional to perform safe treatment of medically compromised patients and avoid serious complications due to dental diseases. These patients may require antibiotic premedication before dental treatment or other changes in the dental treatment plan so as to prevent
serious sequelae.
Both statements are false.
Both statements are true.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
The first statement is true; the second is false
Both statements are true.
-
Using an antiseptic oral rinse before treatment, a rubber dam, or an antimicrobial-laced external water supply during treatment when ultrasonics or irrigators are used may be of help in preventing the spread of infection.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
-
Since the apices of the mandibular second and third molars are inferior to the mylohyoid muscle, an infection here will MOST likely spread directly to the sublingual space.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
-
MULTIPLE ANSWERS
From the following list of fascial spaces, select those that can be DIRECTLY involved in the spread of infection concerning Ludwig's angina.
Submandibular space
Parapharyngeal space
Retropharyngeal space
Infratemporal space
- Submandibular space
- Parapharyngeal space
- Retropharyngeal space
- Infratemporal space
-
MULTIPLE ANSWERS
From the following list of case histories, select those that have a high risk of opportunistic infections.
Transplant therapy
Cancer
Diabetes
AIDS/HIV
- Transplant therapy
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- AIDS/HIV
-
From the list of descriptions, select those that describe components that may be involved as infection resistance factors in the oral cavity.
Beta-lactamase enzyme production
Penicillin-susceptible pathogens
Gram-positive aerobic bacteria
Lipaseenzyme production
Beta-lactamase enzyme production
Beta-lactamase enzyme production can be involved as an infection resistance factor, as well as gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and penicillin-resistance pathogens, in the oral cavity.
-
MULTIPLE ANSWERS
From the list of descriptions, select those that involve bacteremia and its complications.
Lodging of bacteria in compromised tissue
Set up of deep serious heart infection
Low risk of infective endocarditis
Need for psychological premedication
- Lodging of bacteria in compromised tissue
- Set up of deep serious heart infection
-
MULTIPLE ANSWERS
From the list of situations, select those which can spread dental infections.
Lymphatics
Paranasal sinuses
Fascial spaces
Vascular system
- Lymphatics
- Paranasal sinuses
- Fascial spaces
- Vascular system
|
|
