A&P 1 exam 4 (part 4)

major areas of the ear?

acts as a funnel

elastic cartilage covered by skin

pinna aka

where is auricle?

short tube that has S shape and gives protective function

stiff membranous disc that captures mechanical energy out of air

parts of outer ear?

cavity that sits inside temporal bone

the cavity of middle ear is?

mucus membrane helps?

terminates in oral cavity

has spinchter muscle that sits around cavity and the sphincter is usually closed

highly compressible

who did middle ear infection affect the most?

ossicles of middle ear?

articulates with incus and tympanic membrane

what happens when sphincter muscle opens?

what happens as tympanic membrane vibrates?

order of flow in middle ear

what is next to inner ear

vibrations act as a

can be from 20-50x

low volume sounds can be ____ as you go across space of middle ear

muscles that go on ossicles?

found on malleus and when it contracts it reduces vibration

inserts on stapes and dampens vibration in the stapes

muscles in ossicles help to

most complex part of ear

complex structure inside temporal bone that is a combo of cavities and channels

house structures for processing hearing and balance

spaces in temporal bone to house structures of inner ear

part of bony labyrinth?

x, y and z plane and all at right angles to one another

loops up? loops back? extends out to side?

cavity where oval window is found

sits between vestibule and cochlea

snail shaped structure where round window is found

structures inside bony labyrinth made of sacs and tubes

fluids are

fluid that fills membranous labyrinth

fluid that fills bony labyrinth

semicircular ducts are found

semicircular canals are found

superior semicircular duct is found?

expansions at end of ducts that have hair cells

cells with hairlike projection on free surface

movement of endolymph in ducts is detected by

maintenance of body position in response to angular movement (acceleration and deceleration)

air cells convert movement of fluid into

carries info about dynamic equilibrium

have hair cells and rocks of calcium carbon

rock like crystals that are always pointing down

gravity is always pulling these down

orients body position with respect to gravity

helps to determine which way is up or down when eyes are closed

found inside cochlea

curls around so it can be longer but occupy a small space and is found in middle of cochlea

cochlear duct is filled with

sits on basilar membrane

when fluid vibrate it cause ___ ___ to vibrate. then spiral organ of corti ?

fluid that is incompressible

when endolymph is pressed on it pushes back on

what does perilymph press on?

when the perilymph presses on the round window, what does the round window do?

is the air of the inner ear compressible?

what is used to determine the frequencies of sound

high frequencies of sound are processed?

low frequencies of sound are processed

do high and low frequencies come from the same place?

what do the ossicles do?

this localizes/collects sound

canal of the ear

vibrates from sound waves and collects mechanical energy

convert vibrations in ear to action potential

what makes the action potentials

processes info for subconscious part

sensory info for cerebral cortex, where most synapsing occurs

where you hear the noise

final product of simplified pathway?

mechanical energy vibrations that broadcast waves