What diagnosis in adolescents can be treated with corrective exercises?
Scoliosis
Which of these is NOT a potential benefit of Caffeine consumption?
Treatment for insomnia.
Which of these is not a usual side effect of caffeine?
Somnolence
How much daily caffeine is recommended for pregnant women, and why?
Pregnant women should have less than 200mg of caffeine because it increases risk of miscarriage.
How much is a lethal dose of caffeine?
10g
Caffeine is a stimulant.
True
What is the definition of mental imagery?
seeing pictures in the mind that resemble a perceptual experience which occurs in the absence of an external stimuli
Which of the following is NOT an example of how to use imagery?
set unrealistic expectations
When engaging in Palming, picturing a calming color is thought to do all the following except:
increase your blood pressure
Mirror visual feedback, when used with patients having an amputated limb, is thought to do what?
create a reflection of other limb to help relieve pain of the phantom limb
The use of mental/healing imagery before and after surgery is shown to:
all of the above
Which of the following is a result of extrinsic aging?
all of the above
What accelerates aging by forming ROS (reactive oxygen species)?
UVA rays
All of the following are extrinsic factors that can negatively damage skin. Which one contributes up to 80% and is the most important factor for aging?
UV radiation
Which of the following does NOT slow premature aging?
Vitamin D
How do antioxidants fight premature aging?
Prevent exogenous free radical formation
A duct in liver that connect umbilical venous blood to inferior vena cava blood is?
Ductous venosus
Which vessel carry the least oxygenated blood and take blood from the fetus to the placenta?
Umbilical artery
What of the following changes occur after birth?
All the above
A preterm female infant born to a 32-yr old woman with no known past medical illness present for the infants 1-week follow-up. The mother reports that the patient is behaving normally and is feeding well. The physical exam is remarkable for a murmur, which is located at the 2nd left intercostal space. The murmur is continuous throughout cardiac systole and diastole, non-radiating, and of machinery quality. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Which structure does Ductus arteriosum converted to in adult?
Ligamentum arteriosum
Social media commonly allows which types of personalities to thrive online?
Narcissistic
Narcissistic personality types tend to be:
Pervasive pattern of attention seeking behavior, shallow with exaggerated emotions
Narcissists use social media to:
All of the above
Social media can increase your exposure to people with a variety of personality disorders.
True
Which of the 3 cluster types fits into the narcissistic type of personality?
Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior
What is a side effect of lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants that can be managed by exercise?
weight gain
How can exercise help a persons mental well-being?
All of the above
What are the main neuromodulator(s) released by exercise?
Epinephrine and serotonin
How long does it take for a patient to significantly reduce depression by exercising regularly?
3 weeks
What is not true about endophorins:
Not positively impacting the brain
What activity is NOT defined as play?
Does not make you forget about time
Play is NOT important for childs cognitive and physical development.
False
For play to be an enjoyable experience, you should
Just do it!
From a physiological point of view, playing in childhood is associated with
Better developed motor skills
Benefits of play for adults include all of the following except
Attenuates your role in the relationships because people think you are foolish
What agent(s) can cause bronchoconstriction?
All of the above
What is the most concerning symptom for an allergic reaction that could lead to anaphylaxis?
SOB
A patient comes to the ER with a rash and SOB after eating shrimp. He has a known allergy and has had to be intubated before for an anaphylactic reaction. What is the first medication that needs to be administered to this patient?
Epinephrine
What releases preformed mediators from secretory granules?
a&c only
What can cause an allergic or anaphylactic reaction?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a cause of fatigue?
Poor diet
What is compassion fatigue?
Emotional and physical burden of caring for sick patients, causing inability to empathize further
Select the best answer for how to recognize fatigue:
Take BP, HR, and RR at each visit, and compare that to their physical and mental symptoms obtained in ROS.
How does mental fatigue affect physical activity performance?
It raises a persons perception of effort, thus lowering their ability to carry out the activity for a long duration or put in maximal effort.
Physical fatigue affects retrieval of long-term memory
False
Which is not a physiologic response to laughter?
attenuated blood flow
Laughing is typically always in response to something funny.
False
Laughing is associated with stress reduction.
True
Laughing may help to burn an extra few calories.
True
What is laughter theorized to be an extension of?
The social brain hypothesis
Strict Aerobic exercise increases the cross-sectional diameter of muscle fibers.
False
What impact on resting heart rate do BOTH aerobic and resistance training provide?
Decrease in resting HR by 5-25 bpm
Aerobic exercise promotes changes primarily in which type of muscle fibers?
Slow Oxidative Fibers
True or False? Changes that are made to muscle fibers through exercise do NOT revert with inactivity?
False
Muscle hypertrophy seen in resistance training occurs primarily due to what?
Increased diameter of muscle fiber cells
Wound repair refers to:
regeneration of cells with some scarring and fibrosis
Acute and chronic wound repair follow the same sequential pathway?
False
Which of the following is true of first and second intention wound healing?
All of the above.
What are the primary cells responsible for cleaning up debris and necrotic tissue at the site of injury?
Macrophages
In the remodeling phase, which of the following occur?
Collagen Fibers converted from type III to type I
When beginning a weight loss program consistent of low-carb dieting, which of the following occur:
Oxidation of fat stores
How many calories are 1 gram of each macronutrient?
Protein: 4 ; Carbohydrate: 4 ; Fat: 9
Which of the following diets are based on the notion of eating only the food of Cavemen?
Paleo Diet
Weight loss is seen upon:
Caloric Deficit
Which of the following is considered a body type having difficulty gaining weight?
Ectomorph
Example of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia is/are
All of the above
Phototherapy changes water insoluble bilirubin to water soluble bilirubin by configurational isomerization
True
Bilirubin is by product of Hemoglobin
True
Physiologic jaundice start within first 24 hrs
False
Which bilirubin crosses the BBB and can cause kernicterus?
