-
the scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
chemistry
-
Branches of chemistry
Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Physical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Theoretical chemistry
-
any substance that has a definite composition.
a chemical
-
Research can be categorized as
basic, applied, or related to technological development.
-
anything that has mass and takes up space.
matter
-
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
atom
-
a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
element
-
a substance that is made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
compound
-
property depends on the amount of matter that is present.
extensive properties
-
property does not depend on the amount of matter present.
intensive properties
-
has definite volume and definite shape.
solid
-
has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
liquid
-
does not have a definite volume or shape.
gas
-
the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart.
plasma
-
conduct electric current, affected by electric and magnetic fields
plasma
-
In the gaseous state at high temperatures, alkali metals become ______.
plasmas.
-
Scientists estimate that more than __ percent of the known matter in the universe, including the sun and other stars, is made of plasma.
99
-
a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness
Physical property
-
is a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions.
chemical property
-
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties.
physical change
-
a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
chemical change
-
The study of most carbon-containing compounds
organic chemistry
-
the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)
inorganic chemistry
-
The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Physical Chemistry
-
The identification of the components and composition of materials
analytical chemistry
-
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Biochemistry
-
The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
Theoretical Chemistry
-
Research that is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge
Basic Research
-
Research that is generally carried out to solve a problem
Applied Research
-
This typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
Technological Development
-
A measure of the amount of matter
mass
-
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
physical change
-
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Physical Property
-
A physical change of a substance from one state to another
change of state
-
A high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms
plasma
-
Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Chemical Property
-
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Chemical change/ reaction
-
Substances that react in a chemical change
reactants
-
Substances that are formed by the chemical change
products
-
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
mixture
-
A mixture with a uniformed composition
homogeneous mixture; solution
-
A mixture without a uniformed composition
heterogeneous mixture
-
List the characteristics of a pure substance
- -Has a fixed composition
- -Every sample given has exactly the same characteristic properties
- -Every sample of a given has exactly the same composition
- -It is homogeneous
-
Elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties in a _____ _____.
Periodic Table
-
The vertical columns in a periodic table
groups; families
-
The horizontal rows in a periodic table
periods
-
What do elements in the same group, families, have in common?
Chemical Properties
-
What do elements in the same periods have in common?
Elements that are close together share similar chemical and physical properties
-
A logical approach to solving problems that lend themselves to investigation
Scientific Method
-
A testable statement that serves as the basis for predictions and further experiments
hypothesis
-
A broad generalization that explains a body of known facts or phenomena
theory
-
A specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation
system
-
An explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related or a physical object
model
-
The result of nearly every measurement is a ____ and a _____.
number and a unit
-
The ____ ____ of measurement is used in science.
SI system
-
Name the four base units in SI system of measurements
- meter (length)
- Kilogram (mass)
- Second (time)
- Kelvin (temperature)
-
A measure of gravitational pull on matter
weight
-
The ratio of mass to volume
density
-
Used to convert from one unit to another
conversion
-
Something that has magnitude, size, or amount
quantity
-
The amount of space occupied by an object
volume
-
A mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements
dimensional analysis
-
Refers to the closeness of a measurement to the correct or accepted value
accuracy
-
Refers to the closeness of values for a set of measurements
precision
-
the difference between the experimental and the accepted value that is divided by the accepted value and then multiplied by 100
percentage error
-
Completely certain and do not limit the number of digits in a calculation
exact conversion factor
-
two quantities that if divided on by the other it will yield a constant value
directly proportional
-
two quantities that if multiplied their product will have a constant value
inversely proportional
|
|