Nutrition 9

Fat-soluble vitamins are not
A) present in fatty or oily portions of foods
B) dependent on protein carriers for transport
C) absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the intestinal mucosal cells
D) deposited in the liver and other body tissues if consumed in excess

Retinol is
A) the form in which vitamin A is stored in the body
B) the form of vitamin A which functions in the visual process
C) the alcohol form of vitamin A
D) found in foods of plant origin

Vitamin A is present in animal foods and body storage as
A) retinol
B) beta-carotene
C) retinal
D) retinyl esters

The form of vitamin A involved in the visual process is ___________

The form of vitamin A that is involved in cellular differentiation is ____________

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

Night vision is maintained by iodopsin, the light-sensitive pigment of the cones in the retina
True False

The greatest deman for vitamin A is for
A) the visual process
B) immunity
C) growth and bone development
D) epithelial tissue development and maintenance

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

Vitamin A is involved in the reaborption of old bone during bone development

Children in developing countries often become blind because
A) of a lack of retinoic acid
B) of vitamin A toxicity
C) of the high rate of infection
D) protein and zinc deficiencies interfere with the utilization and transport of vitamin A, and intake of all three nutrients is deficient

In developed countries, vitamin A deficiency is caused mainly by
A) inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables
B) malabsorption of fat
C) inadequate intake of liver
D) protein-calorie malnutrition

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

Vitamin A supplements are effective in the treatment of acne
True False

Vitamin A toxicity may occur
A) if two litres of vitamin A fortified milk are consumed daily
B) if liver is consumed once a week
C) when large quantities of carrots are consumed daily
D) when a vitamin A supplement that exceeds the RDA by five to ten times is used daily for several months

Of the symptoms listed below, only___________is not cause by vitamin A toxicity
A) bleeding nose
B) headache
C) dry, itchy skin
D) inability to adapt to dim light

The richest sources of vitamin A are
A) enriched breads and cereals
B) liver and fish oils
C) fruits and vegetables
D) dairy products

Of the foods listed below, only____________is not a rich source of beta-carotene
A) pumpkin
B) canteloupe
C) beets
D) spinach

The precursor of vitamin D in the skin is called__________

The most active of the following vitamin D metabolites is
A) 25-OH D₃
B) 7-dehydrocholesterol
C) 24,25-(OH)₂ D₃
D) 1,25-(OH)₂ D₃

The final active form of vitamin D is formed by
A) hydroxylation in the kidneys
B) irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol
C) hydroxylation in the liver
D) PTH in the bones

Vitamin D does not stimulate
A) the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream
B) the synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol
C) the kidney to reabsorb more calcium
D) the intestine to absorb more calcium

Of the symptoms listed below,_____________would most likely be a result of vitamin D deficiency
A) abnormally high serum calcium
B) enlarged joints in children
C) dry, itchy skin
D) small hard bumps around hair follicles

In children, the bone disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency is called__________; in adults, ____________

Of the groups listed below, only____________are not particularly susceptible to vitamin D deficiency

a) low income, dark-skinned children

b) infants who are exclusively breast-fed for long periods of time

c) pregnant women

d) elderly people who stay indoors

Excessive vitamin D intakes by adults may result in
A) bowed legs
B) calcification of arteries
C) retarded growth
D) deformities at the joints

The Canadian Cancer Society recommends vitamin D intake be increased to 1000 IU
A) by adults over 50 years on a daily basis
B) to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease
C) to reduce risk of diabetes
D) to reduce the risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers

The most reliable source of vitamin D in Canada
A) fortified milk
B) the sun
C) vegetable oils
D) meat

Vitamin E functions in the body as
A) a coenzyme
B) a free radical
C) a hormone
D) an antioxidant

A free radical is

a) a highly reactive molecule formed during the oxidation of saturated fatty acids

b) formed when vitamin E is oxidized

c) a highly reactive molecule formed during the oxidative of polyunsaturated fats

d) a compound containing paired electrons

c) a highly reactive molecule formed during the oxidative of polyunsaturated fats

A deficiency of vitamin E in humans is most likely to cause
A) sterility
B) increased susceptibility to infections
C) muscle weakness
D) hemolysis of red blood cells

The symptoms of vitamin E deficiency in animals and humans can be attributed mainly to
A) accumulation of pigments in tissues
B) reduced energy metabolism
C) enzyme destuction
D) disrupted cell membranes

Megadoses of vitamin E
A) lower blood cholesterol levels
B) are considered benefical
C) alleviate acne
D) rarely cause harm

Of the groups listed below, only____________would probably not benefit from a vitamin E supplement
A) people with muscular dystrophy
B) people who are highly exposed to air pollutants
C) people with fat malabsorption diseases
D) premature infants

The need for vitamen E
A) increases with increasing saturated fat intake
B) decrease with increasing polyunsaturated fat intake
C) increases with increasing fat-soluble vitamin intake
D) increases with increasing polyunsaturated fat intake

Much of the vitamin E in the diet comes from

a) vegetable oils, margarine, and salad dressings

b) fruits and vegetables

c) milk products

d) liver

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

After being used for deep-frying, oil can turn rancid with relative ease, because the vitamin E has lost its activity as an antioxidant
True False

Vitamin K deficiency produces
A) hemorrhagic disease
B) jaundice
C) convulsions
D) hemolytic anemia

Vitamin K deficiency is most likely to occur in
A) full-term, breast-fed infants
B) premature infants
C) pregnant women
D) people on fat-restricted diets

Vitamin K is produced by micro-organisms in the
A) stomach
B) GI tract
C) gallbladder
D) pancreas

True/False (support your answer with explanation)

Under normal circumstances, intestinal synthesis of vitamin K by micro-organisms can provide all of the amount the body needs
True False

The best dietary source of vitamin K is
A) milk
B) green leafy vegetables
C) fruit
D) whole grain cereals