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body consciousness
a term that describes how a person perceives and feels about his or her body.
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comparable worth (or pay equity)
the belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of a job, not the gender or race of the worker.
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Feminism
the belief that women and men are equal and should be valued equally and have equal rights.
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gender
the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity.”
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gender identity
a person’s perception of the self as female or male.
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gender role
the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process.
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hermaphrodite
a person in whom sexual differentiation is ambiguous or incomplete.
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homophobia
extreme prejudice directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others who are perceived as not being heterosexual.
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matriarchy
a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women.
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patriarchy
a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men.
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pay gap
a term used to describe the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings.
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sex
the biological and anatomical differences between females and males.
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primary sex characteristics
the genitalia used in the reproductive process.
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secondary sex characteristics
the physical traits (other than reproductive organs) that identify an individual’s sex.
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sexual orientation
a person’s preference for emotional–sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or both (bisexuality).
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transsexual
a person who believes that he or she was born with the body of the wrong sex.
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transvestite
a male who lives as a woman or a female who lives as a man but does not alter the genitalia.
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