Histo- Bones.txt

Bone is primarily _____________, which has two components, which are.....

Mesenchymal cells that synthesize osteoid and mediate its mineralization; line bone surfaces.

When osteoblasts become trapped in bone, they become __________.

Mesenchymal cells which represent largely inactive osteoblasts trapped within formed bone; may assist in nutrition of bone.

Mesenchymal cells that are phagocytic cell which are capable of eroding bone; important in constant turnover of bone.

Osteocytes reside in ___________.

As osteoid is laid down, osteoblasts become trapped in _________ as ___________, and their fine cytoplasmic processes are contained within ___________.

During Phase 1 of osteoblast secretory activity, the ___________ is formed through synthesis and secretion of ___________.

Phase 2 of osteoblast secretory activity is the __________ of the ___________.

During Phase 2 of osteoblast activity, __________ from the osteoblast Golgi is released in vesicles; calcium is pumped into the vesicles, causing crystals to _________, which causes the ___________. The crystals deposit and progress to _________.

Haphazard deposition of osteoid during period of rapid growth leads to temporary ________.

Compact collagen fiber arrangement in which all collagen fibers go in the same direction.

Two macroscopic structures of bone.

Compact bone is located at areas where _______________________, such as ________________.

Trabecular (cancellous) bone is in the ____________ of bones and provides ______________.

__________ acts as initiator of bone deposition.

What are the 2 layers of periosteum?

When periosteum is quiescent, osteoprogenitor cells are _________; when new bone is actively being formed, osteoprogenitors ________ and become ________.

Surface on the inside of the bone.

Multi-nucleated, large, macrophage-derived cells; primarily responsible for the removal of mineralized bone.

_________ binds to RANK and activates it on the surface of an ________, causing it to ____________. Then, the __________ moves away so the _________ can bind and remove mineralized bone.

Line of unmineralized osteoid; matrix right at the surface.

Osteoclasts function through the secretion of _________.

Central channels in bone that contain nerves, vessels, and osteogenic cells.

Canals that go b/w Haversian canals, allowing the nerves and vessels to communicate with each other and with the periosteum and endosteum.

Concentric lamellae that run up and down the bones with the Haversian canals form ___________.

Primary osteons form at the ________ surface when...; this becomes lined with _______, which lay down ________.

On the inner surface of the cortical bone, osteoclasts are at the leading edge of the __________, and _________ follow to lay down bone.

Bony matrix between osteons.

Dark lines on a histo preparation that represent areas where bone has been taken away or built upon.

Type of cement line that is indicative of an osteoclast that was followed by osteoblasts building new bone.

Type of cement line where osteoblasts were building bone, they stopped, and then they restarted sequentially.

What are the 2 types of bone ossification involved in growth?

Modeling that involves formation of bone via osteoblasts.

Modeling that involves resorption by osteoclasts.

What are 4 ways trabeculae align along lines of stress during bone modeling?

Cancellous (trabecular) bone is remodeled by...

Compact bone is remodeled by...

Describe the sequence of 6 events that takes place during bone remodeling.

Growth due to a widening process.

Growth of bone that involves a lengthening process.

Interstitial growth only occurs in __________.

Appositional growth occurs in the ___________ of _________ and _________.

Deposition of bone matrix by osteoblasts in the periosteum interstitial growth.

Membranous ossification (interstitial growth) occurs in...

Type of bone development which lengthens bone as a cartilage model is replaced by bone.

Structure at the end of the bone where cartilage is located as bone is growing.

What are the 6 zones of growing bone?

Zone where the cartilage cells stop multiplying/proliferating and start simply becoming larger.

What are the 3 areas within the zone of calcification?

Where is the physis proper with respect to the articular epiphyseal surface?

After endochondral ossification is complete and the bone stop lengthening, the area where the matrix turns into bone and there s an abrupt transition between articular cartilage to the bone itself.

Where are hyaline cartilages found?

Where are fibrocartilages found?

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Cells that produce and maintain cartilaginous matrix.

The chondroid matrix i mainly _____________ and ____________.

Articular cartilage is ___________ and nourished by ___________.

What are the 3 functions of articular cartilage?

Polymers of aggregating macromolecules, glycosaminoglycan side chains, highly hydrophilic components of articular cartilage.

Area where cartilage is transitioning to bone in a closed physis.

6 zones of cartilage calcifying to bone.

How is cartilage widened?

How does lengthening of cartilage occur?

What are the 3 layers of a joint capsule of a synovial joint?

Articulation of synovial joint is facilitated by... (2)

Type of synovial cell that is macrophage-like and phagocytic; possibly blood monocyte derive.

Type of synovial cell that is locally derived and fibroblast-like, producing hyaluronate.

Tendons and ligaments are __________ and made of _________.

Tendons and ligaments insert into bones via _________.