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Absolute Poverty
a level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.
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Alienation
a feeling of powerlessness and estrangement from other people and from oneself.
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Capitalist Class
Karl Marx’s term for the class that consists of those who own and control the means of production.
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Class Conflict
Karl Marx’s term for the struggle between the capitalist class and the working class.
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Feminization of Poverty
the trend in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty.
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Income
the economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers (governmental aid), and ownership of property.
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Job Deskilling
a reduction in the proficiency needed to perform a specific job that leads to a corresponding reduction in the wages for that job.
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Meritocracy
a hierarchy in which all positions are rewarded based on people’s ability and credentials.
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Pink-Collar Occupations
relatively low-paying, nonmanual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women, such as day-care workers, checkout clerks, cashiers, and waitpersons.
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Power
according to Max Weber, the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others.
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Prestige
the respect or regard with which a person or status position is regarded by others.
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Relative Poverty
a condition that exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living.
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Socioeconomic Status
a combined measure that, in order to determine class location, attempts to classify individuals, families, or households in terms of factors such as income, occupation, and education.
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Wealth
the value of all of a person’s or family’s economic assets, including income, personal property, and income-producing property.
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Working Class
those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive.
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