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What 3 things are included in the cardio vascular system?
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The role of this "system" contains vessels that return interstitial fluid back to the blood
lymphatic system
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What 6 things does blood transport/carry?
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
- nutrients
- waste
- hormones
- immune cells
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Other than carry/transport molecules, what else can blood do?
Can also regulate body temperature by being diverted to or from the skin
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What is the average volume of blood in liters in the average man and woman?
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This is another name for red blood cells (RBC)
ERYTHROCYTES
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What can prevent blood clotting?
anticoagulants
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When blood is centrifuging it seperates into these 3 components
- Plasma
- Buffy coat
- erythrocytes
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This part of blood when its centrifuged consists of leukocytes (wbc) and platelets (thrombocytes)
buffy coat
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This term refers to the % of blood volume that consists of red blood cells.
Hematocrit
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This is a yellowish fluid, is 90% water, and contains numerous different molecules (sodium, chloride, sugars, amino acids, lipids, urea)
Plasma
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What are the 3 main types of protein in plasma?
- albumin
- fibrinogen
- globulins
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this protein in plasma transports fatty acids and maintains osmosis, so water stays in the blood
albumin
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this protein in plasma is a clotting factor.
fibrinogen
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What is the active form of this protein in our blood when someone has a cut?
fibrin
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This plasma protein in our blood are round proteins for transporting lipids, iron, coppper, and fat soluable vitamins, including antibodies.
globulins
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Our body contains 25 trillion of these. (2 names)
RBC or erythrocytes
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erythrocytes or RBCs are small and carry ______ and _____.
oxygen and carbon dioxide
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What is the name of depression in this RBC and what are its benefits?
biconcave discs: it gives mor surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to cross over the membrane
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T or F: RBCs have no nucleus
true
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The name of this is when a mature RBC is ready to enter the blood and ejects its nucleus and almost all of its organelles
nuclear cell
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T or F: mature RBCs cannot make proteins
true
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What is the life span of a RBC?
120 days
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RBCs lacks the organelle, ___a___, meaning it goes through ___b___ . This way it does not use the oxygen it carries.
- a) mitochondria
- b) anaerobic glycolysis
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RBCs carry 300 mllion of these molecules
hemaglobin
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List the things that are in hemaglobin:
a) 4 ________ (split into 2 _____ and 2 _____)
b) 4 ________
c) 4 ________
- a) 4 protein subunits (2 alpha, 2 beta)
- b) 4 heme groups
- c) 4 oxygen molecules within the heme group
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when oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, it is called this and is in the color red.
oxyhemoglobin
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What vitamin and folate are important for cell division?
b12 vitamins and folic acid (folate)
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For RBC poduction, what 3 things must our body consume? Which of the 3 is needed for the hemegroup?
- b12 vitamins
- folic acid folate
- iron <-- needed for heme group
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Complete this step by step production of RBC
1. Food consumption
2.
3. Enters red bone marrow
4.
5. Old RBCs are broken down in the ____ and ____ by macrophages
- 1. Food consumption
- 2. ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS INTO BLOODSTREAM
- 3. enters red bone marrow
- 4. RBC ENTERS BLOOD STREAM FOR 120 DAYS
- 5. Old RBCs ar broken down in the LIVER and SPLEEN by macrophages
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When our hematocrit is at 30%, we are considered ____? What % is considered anemia?
- Anemic (anemia) = <45%
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What is the abnormality when our hematocrit % in blood is 70%? What are some of the factors that cause this?
- Polycythemia:
- a) overactive stem cells
- b) tumor in bone marrows or kidneys
- c) high altitude
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What abnormalitty can this hematocrit level cause?
dehydration
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