-
-
reductive biosynthesis of a fatty acid (hydrocarbon chain) is done..
electrons from NADPH
-
hydrolysis reaction
using water to separate monomers
-
examples of compounds that has higher phosphate transfer potential compared to ATP?
- 1) Creatine phosphate
- 2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1st step of stage 3)
- 3) Phosphoenolpyruvate (in stage 3 just before pyruvate)
-
The deficiency of which of the following vitamin may cause Scurvy (swollen and bleeding gums, subdermal hemorrhaging)?
b) vitamin C
-
-
NADH is produced at which step of glycolysis?
G3PDH catalyzed reaction
-
study the reactants and enzymes of glycolysis
-
which has more energy, fatty acids or carbohydrates?
fatty acids
-
Proteins that catalyze phosphorylation reactions are called
kinases
-
The Rossmann foldis
a NAD+binding motif
-
The phosphorylation of Fructose 6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is endergonic or exergonic?
is an endergonic reaction that takes place because it is coupled to the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP
-
The step that commits the cell to metabolize glucose is catalyzed by
b) phosphofructokinase
-
The conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
allows for recycling of NAD+
-
Which of the following molecules is a common fate of pyruvate in aerobic metabolism?
b) Acetyl coenzyme A
-
Which of the following is the carrier of acyl group
CoA
-
which is more stable, the keto or enol pyruvate?
the keto is more stable
-
look up structures of coenzymes of glycolysis, ie NAD+ is the 3 hexagon thing
FAD
-
This kinetic stability of activated carriers allows to control the flow of free energy and reducing powerin metabolism.
Enzymes
-
During glycolysis, how many pyruvate molecules as produced per glucose?
2
-
lyase reaction
breaks into two parts without using water
-
dehydration reaction is an example of a
lyase reaction
-
Hexokinase regulation
inhibited by what how?
- Inhibition by glucose-6-P.
- When PFK is inhibited G-6-P increases to shut off hexokinase.
-
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
- activated by AMP
- inhibited by ATP and low pH
-
Pyruvate kinase
- Activated by F-1,6-BP
- Inhibited by ATP and alanine
-
Muscle PFK is activated by ----- and----------
Muscle PFK is activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP and low pH
-
all steps in glycolysis are two way arrows except the steps catalyzed by...
hexokinase, PFK, and PK
-
low pH does what?
inhibits glycolysis
Increased lactic acid inhibits PFK
-
Hexokinase vs glucokinase Km
Glocokinase has a higher Km so lower affinity for substrate
-
what happens with PK during high blood glucose levels?
Insulin activates phosphoprotein phosphatase I, so dephosphorylated pyruvate kinase (more active)
-
what happens with PK during low blood-glucose levels
Glucagon activates Protein kinase A, phosphorylatd pyruvate kinase (less active)
-
Glut 1,2,3 Km values compared to one another?
- Glut 1 & 2 = low Km value
- Glut 3= high Km value
-
1st step in which atp is used
Glucose to glucose 6 phosphate (Hexokinase)
-
2nd step where ATP is used
- Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6- biphosphate
- (phosphofrutokinase)
-
1st step where ATP is produced
- 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate
- (phosphoglycerate kinase)
-
second step where ATP is produced
- Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate (pyruvate
- kinase)
-
step where glycolysis is commited
- Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6- biphosphate
- (phosphofrutokinase)
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