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Preoperational Stage
Cognitive dev. that lasts from about 2 to 7
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Symbolic Play
- Elaborate pretend play; imaginary friends
- Playing with objects and toys and treating them more than what they really are
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Functional Play:
Repetitive motor activity
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Constructive play:
Drawing, making, building something constuctively
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Formal Games:
Games with rules and other kids
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Violent pretend play:
Bobo dolls; more anitsocial, less empathetic
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Imaginative play:
Better social interactions with others and children are more likely to be more empathetic
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Head Start Program:
- Programs parents can put their kids into(preschool)
- Funded by the federal government
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Not strict on rules; kids are more socially interactive but are not as academically superior
Permissive Parenting
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Loving but strict, kids are good socially and academically
Authoritative
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Authoritarian
- Not loving and very strict
- Kids are academically superior but not socially well-off
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Siblings
- Good influence-mothering figure-companions
- Bad infuence-competition
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Middle Childhood:
- Weight: 5-7 lbs per year
- Height: 2in per year
- Food: need a healthy balance of foods
- Fast foods: increase chances of childhood obesity
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Concrete operations start to develop between ages___and___
7, 12
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Transitivity
A>B, B>C, A>C
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Theory of Mind
A commonsense understanding of how the mind works
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Piaget and Inhelder
- Seriation tasks: children given 49 leaves are asked to cat. by color and size
- 6 year olds can organize them according to size OR brightness but not both at the same time
- Concrete operational children, 7-8, can work both simultaneously
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Kholberg:
- Moral Development
- Level 1: Preconventional
- 1. The consequences of behavior
- 2. Things are right when they satisfy people's needs
- Level 2: Conventional
- 3. Moral behavior helps others and is socially approved
- 4. Doing one's duty and showing respect to authority
- Level 3: Postconventional
- 5. weigh the imp. of human needs against society's need to maintain order
- 6. following of universal ethical principles and their own conscience, even if it breaks laws
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Strutt and Colleagues
- Children from ages 6-12 to illustrate selective attention and the ability to ignore distraction
- Sort a deck of cards based on figures, forms, or lines.
- When there was irrelevant info on the card it made it harder for sorting for all ages butt he older kids had an easier time
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Memory:
The process by which we store and retrieve info.
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Sensory Memory:
15-20 secs before the shirt term and is either stored or tossed to the side (forgotten)
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Working memory:
- Structure of memory that can hold a sensory stimulus for up to 30 seconds
- Also called short-term memory
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