This fascicle pattern can be triangular or fan shaped. It can be found in the pectoralis major
Fascicles arranged concentric rings
What is the general name for a muscle with a circular pattern?
Sphincter
This fascicle pattern can be triangular or fan shaped. It can be found in the pectoralis major
convergent pattern
This muscle pattern can either be fusiform or trap like.
Parallel arangement
In this pattern, the fascles are short and attach obliquely to a tendon. It makes the muscle look like a feather. There are 3 different types.
Pennate pattern:
1. multipennate
2. bipennate
3. unipennate
This pennate looks like many feathers. The deltoid muscle is an example.
Multipennate
In this pennate pattern, the fascicles insert into the tendon from both sides; the rectus femoris is an example.
Bipennate
In this pennate pattern, the fascicle inserts only to one side of the tendon. An example is the extensor digitorum longus.
Unipennate
T or F: muscles with parallel fascicles can have a greater range of motion and are also powerful
False: muscles with greater range of motion are weaker
What do the letters stand for?
a) load
b) fulcrum
c) effort
In this type of lever, the load is moved close to the fulcrum and the effort is moved far from the fulcrum: a small effort can move a large load
Power lever
What is a mechanical advantage?
When a small effort can move a large load
This type of lever is when the effort is closer to the fulcrum than the load
speed lever
What is mechanical disadvantage
large effort that moves a load at a greater speed and distance
Class?
1st class lever
In this class of lever, it raises your head off your chest. The posterior neck provides the effort: the joint is the fulcrum and the load is the facial skeleton
1st class lever
What class of lever is this?
2nd class lever
What class of lever is this?
3rd class lever
In this class of lever, it operates at a mechanical disadvantage. The effort is farther away from the fulcrum than the load.
2nd class.
What class of lever is this?
3rd class
Which germ layer do muscles originate from and from what 2 parts of the germ layer?
Mesoderm: myotomes + splanchnic
The muscles of the visceral organs develop from this mesoderm
splanchnic
This is another name for the pharyngeal arch muscles
branchiomeric muscles
This group of muscles are found in the throat with some in the head and neck
Pharyngeal arch muscles
This group of muscles include muscles of facial expressions, chewing and swallowing
pharyngeal arch muscles
These are skeletal muscles of the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, plus many of the neck and a few in the head
axial muscles
what are the 2 main functions of the axial muscles?
moving the trunk and posture
This group of muscles develop from myotome and some from somitomeres
axial muscles
This is the muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement (2 names)
prime mover or agonist
This is a muscle that oppose or reverse a particular movement