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Kelly ecological principles) interdependence (2)
-different parts of an eco-system are interconnected
-changes in any one part of the system will have ripple effects on other parts of the system
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Kelly ecological principles) Cycling of resources
- Systems can be understood by examining how resources are used, distributed, conserved, and transformed
- *personal, social, and physical resources
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Kelly ecological principles) cycling of resources- what can be a key intervention for this concept?
Social settings have many more resources that are commonly recognized thus harnessing these under utilized resources can be a key intervention
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Kelly ecological principles) adaptation (2)
-focuses on transaction between person & environment
-individuals, settings, and systems must adapt to changing conditions cyclically
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Kelly ecological principles) Succession
Expects that settings and individuals change over time
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Kelly ecological principles) SUccession: what does this focus on?
The historical context of a problem
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Kelly ecological principles) succession: what is this important for? (2)
problem definition and planning interventions
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Social climate)
Shared perceptions of a setting
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Social climate) what are the 3 dimensions?
-relationships
-personal development
-system maintenance and change
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What are the 4 ecological principles (Kelly)
-interdependence
-cycling of resources
-adaptation
-succession
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Social climate) relationships:
Mutual supportiveness, involvement, and cohesion
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Social climate) personal development
Whether individual growth is fostered in the setting
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Social climate) system maintenance and change
Settings emphasis on order, clarity of rules, and control of behavior
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Social climate) what do they usually use to assess microsystems and organizational settings?
Unique scales that apply to the appropriate field
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Social climate) what are 3 additional setting qualities that they measure?
-physical features
-organizational policies and norms
-supra-personal factors
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Social climate) scales: what is supra-personal factors?
-adding together the individual factors in setting
**balance of gender, ethnicity, disabilities, class etc
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Social climate) what can the comparisons of social climate perceptions do?
It may lead to conversations about intervention
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Social climate) scales: what can they do over time?
They can track changes in climate over time
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Social climate) scales: what have social climate scores been associated with?
- individual and setting outcomes
- *satisfaction, performance, well being etc
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Social regularities)
Settings can create predictable relationships among members that persist over time
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Social regularities) what do they focus on?
On routine patterns of social relationships among the elements in a setting
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Social regularities) what does it call attention to?
To role relationships, power, and resources
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Social regularities) Change AND social regularities
- Social regularities can be obstacles to change
- * they are so engrained within our norms
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Social regularities) what distinguishes social regularity and behavior settings?
Consideration of power relationships, resources, and inequalities
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Social regularities) can schools be sorting institutions for social roles? How?
Yes,
Who took AP classes? Who took special ed classes?
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Social regularities) 3 ways to find social regularities?
-search for patterns of behavior within a setting
-examine roles of setting members
-consider power relationships and patterns of behavior
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Social regularities) 3 research methods for IDing these
-naturalistic observation
-case study
-ethnographic approaches
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Social regularities) contributions: what are they explicit about?
-the importance of exploring roles, power, resources, and inequality
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Social regularities) contributions: what type of change will occur if social regularities can be altered?
2nd order change
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Social regularities) 2 limitations
-process takes a long time to assess
-best suited for case studies
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) who was it developed by?
Robert and Louise barker
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) what is ecological psychology?
Identify behavior settings and understand physical features and social circuits that maintain them
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) what are primary units for ecological psychology?
Behavior settings
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) what is behavior settings?
Have a place, a time, and a standing pattern of behavior
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) is a behavior setting just a physical place?
no
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) Physical settings can have more than one behavior setting? T or F?
True,
*Methodist church example: hosts weddings, baptisms, mass etc
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) are individuals interchangeable in behavior settings?
yes
* if you take me away from AT&T, somebody will replace me and act the similar fashion doing the same job tasks
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) what are the 4 rules that behavior settings have?
-program circuits
-goal circuits
-deviation countering circuits
-vetoing circuits
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) program circuits
Guide the standing behavior pattern
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) goal circuits
Satisfy goals of individuals
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) which 2 rules have control mechanisms?
-deviation countering circuits
-vetoing circuits
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) optimally populated: 3 characteristics?
-has as many or more players than roles
-potential for marginalization of students not in roles
-more characteristic of larger schools
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) Underpopulated setting (3)
-has more roles than members
-increases members sense of responsibility for maintaining the setting
-small schools
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Ecological psychology and behavior settings) limitations (2)
-model only focuses on behavior and discounts cultural meanings and subjective processes
-underplays how setting are created and changed
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Activity settings) quick summary of itq
Behavior setting plus subjective meanings
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Activity settings) what needs to happen in order to understand activity settings?
One must need to understand something about the culture they are observing
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Activity settings) what does it contend?
People actively create the significance of these settings
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Activity settings) what does it introduce within psychology field?
A way to study culture
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Activity settings) which 4 fields have benefitted from this?
-child development
-delinquency
-education
-community intervention
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Activity settings) 6 key elements of activity settings
-physical setting
-positions
-people and interpersonal relationships
-time
-symbol use
-intersubjectivity
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Activity settings) what is intersubjectivity? (2)
-beliefs, assumptions, values, and emotional experiences that are shared by setting participants
-it develops over time
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Activity settings) limitations of this approach (2)
-requires time and resources to gather data
-limited comparisons of activity settings across contexts
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Environmental psychology)
- Examines the influence of physical characteristics of a setting on behavior
- *focuses on how the environment is build
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Environmental psychology) what does it grow out of?
Social psychology
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Environmental psychology) what is lewin's equation?
B= f PE
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Environmental psychology) minimal focus on...
Relationships between people compared with other approaches
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Environmental psychology) interests of environmental psychology: (3)
-environmental stressors
-environmental design
-application of science to social action
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Environmental psychology) interests of environmental psychology: environmental stressors
-noise, air pollution, crowded housing
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Environmental psychology) interests of environmental psychology: environmental design
Architectural design and neighborhood features
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Environmental psychology) interests of environmental psychology: application of science to social action
-road construction by school and how it affects kids health and learning
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The effects of neighborhoods) distal risk processes
Neighborhood characteristics associated with individual problems
*bad hoods typically have more crimes and mental illness
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The effects of neighborhoods) protective processes (2)
- -social processes
- *social ties, sense of community, safety
- -interpersonal
- *parenting styles mentoring
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Creating alternative settings) mediating structure?
Creating alternative settings to provide conditions and resources that support the functioning of people for whom the current options do not work
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Creating alternative settings) how do alternative settings usually work?
Occurs at organizational level in response to stressors at micro, organizational, and macro levels
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Creating alternative settings)
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