Water Treatment 2

What are the two sources of waste streams in conventional treatment?

Of these two which is generally of the greater quantity?

Sedimentation Sludge
Filtration wast wahswater

Which is generally of the greater solids density?

Filtration wash water or sedimentation sludge?

What is usually the first facility used to process waste wash water?

What two functions are performed in a typical washwater recovery basin?

What process uses gravity to separate suspended solids from water?

Stores high waste stream flows before slowly returning them to the main plant flow stream?

What is the maximum rate of return permitted for recycled waste streams into the main flow stream?

What is the maximum turbidity allowed foe recycled waste streams?

What process is typically used as the final dewatering step in sludge processing?

What type of chemical will form DBPs during normal treatment operations?

Which of the following will cause the sludge produced from the Sedimentation process to increase in percent solids?

Where is the most likely first destination for waste washwater leaving the Filtration process?

The underflow from Washwater Recovery is normally piped to the

The maximum percentage of the total plant flow that can be from recycled waste streams is

Which of the following processes produce a waste stream?

The waste stream generated by the Sedimentation process is known as

The relatively clear water that forms the effluent stream from a Sedimentation process is called the

Washwater recovery basins serve two key functions.  These are

he approximate percentage of solids in Sedimentation process sludge is

Which of the following processes produce waste streams?

Moderate or High TOC levels in raw water may require which of the following treatment processes?

How many carbon atoms are present in the molecules of HAAs?

Which of the following disinfectants will generally produce the lowest overall levels of currently regulated DBPs?

Which of the following will react with chemical disinfectants during drinking water disinfection?

Which of the following processes could be effective in the reduction of THM precursors?

What will be the likely impact of elevated raw water Bromide levels on DBP formation?

DBPs sometimes found as trace impurities in commercially available sodium hypochlorite solutions include

Which of the following would be considered Natural organic matter?

What is the MCL for TTHMs?

The overall level of precursor material for THM production is measured in the laboratory as

How many carbon atoms are present in the molecules of HAAs?

The main public health risk attributed to TTHMs and HAAs is

Which of the following would be considered as a moderate level of TOC?

disinfectants is likely to form the highest level of THMs?

Approximately what percentage of the water captured in the waste streams of Conventional Treatment plants is recovered and recycled through the main treatment plant?

The approximate percentage of solids in Sedimentation process sludge is

The waste stream generated by the Sedimentation process is known as

Which of the following is likely to cause a deterioration in the performance of the Filtration process?
Rat-holing 
Hydraulic surging
Flow equalization
Supplemental scoural

Chlorine is applied at a dosage rate of 2.5 mg/L.  After a reaction time of over 4 hours in the clearwells, the chlorine residual is 1.5 mg/L.  What is the chlorine demand?

A 20 MGD conventional plant must achieve a CT of 60 mg/L*minutes for disinfection.  If its disinfection process has a t10/T ratio of 0.80 and a maximum theoretical detention time of 60 minutes, at what minimum disinfectant residual must they operate?

A clearwell is 120 feet in diameter and has a water level of 24 feet.  What is the theoretical detention time in this tank if the t10 is 100 minutes, and the t10/T ratio is 0.65?

When ozone gas is processed through an ozone destruction unit, the outlet gas will contain a high concentration of

Ozone is produced by applying electrical energy to a gas stream that contains

Disinfectants that are also capable of improving coagulation, oxidizing iron and manganese, and producing other treatment benefits include
A.  Free chlorine
B.  Ozone
C.  Chlorine dioxide
D.  All of the above
E.  None of the above

the following shows the correct ranking of disinfectant effectiveness (from best to poorest)?

The drinking water disinfectant that is the triatomic form of oxygen is

When used alone, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite will produce which of the following disinfectants in drinking water

Disadvantages to the use of chlorine dioxide include

Chlorine symbol

Hypochlorous Acid

Hypochlorite ion

MonoChloramine

NCl3

Break point Curve

1mg/l sodium Thiosulfate neutralizes

hydrogen sulfide
sym and where found

Nitrite sym

What chemical is added to water quality samples for dechlorination

What common metals found in many ground water sources will react with free chlorine?

What odorous gas found in many ground water sources will react quickly with free chlorine?

What chemicals is combined with free chlorine to form chloramines

What are the three chloramine molecules

what is the most desirable chloramine form in drinking water?

In what form is the total chlorine residual before the final part of the breakpoint curve?

What will be the result of adding additional free chlorine to already-formed chloramines?

What are the nitrogen-containing products of chloramine destruction?

Forms of chlorine demand

What is the term for the low spot on the chlorine breakpoint curve where no additional chlorine demand exists?

which of the three forms of chloramines is the most odorous and the most dominant near the breakpoint?

In what form is the total chlorine residual to the right of the breakpoint?

what is the term for changing free ammonia into into nitrate?

If there is no residual is detected what can be done to satisfy requirments

SWTR Disinfectants

Which form of chlorine residual provides the greatest level of disinfection?

Combined 
Free

Which form of chlorine residual yields the highest level of THMs/HAAs?

combined of free?

Free

What is the MRDL for chloramies?

What is the ideal ratio of chlorine to ammonia

Converting water with a free chlorine residual to chloraminated water would require the addition of

What is the percentage of ammonia present in Anhydrous ammonia?

Which of the following will be formed when adding free chlorine to monochloramines?

The most effective way to stop nitrification in a distribution system is

What is the optimum ratio of chlorine to ammonia-nitrogen for the production of chloramines in a water distribution system?

In Water Quality, what does MRDL stand for?

A total chlorine residual measurement has been made.  How many points on the chlorine breakpoint curve might have this same level of total chlorine residual?

Which of the following is a form of free chlorine demand?
a.  Iron
b.  Chloramines
c.  Ammoniad.  Hydrogen Sulfide
e.  All of the above

Which of the following is a metal commonly found in groundwater that exhibits a significant chlorine demand?
Calcium
Nickel 
Manganese
Sodium
Potassium

In addition to the growth of AOBs and NOBs in a water supply that is experiencing nitrification, what else is likely to occur?

If sufficient free chlorine is added to exceed the chlorine demand of a water source, what form of chlorine residual will be present?

hat is the initial chemical that serves as the food supply for microorganisms involved in nitrification?

What will be the chlorine to ammonia ratio when a chloraminated water is blended with a water with a free chlorine residual?

Which of the following is an intended purpose of secondary disinfection?

When operating a distribution system with chloramines, the ideal ratio of free chlorine to free ammonia is

The disinfectant that produces the most persistent residual is

What is the MRDL for Chloramines?

One of the main reasons that a distribution system is required to have a detectable residual disinfectant is to

What is the Primary MCL for Floride?

Risk of excess floride?

What environmental factor is the basis for Floride secondary MCL of 2mg/l

Sodium floride name and %

Sodium Florosilicate

Fluorosilicic Acid Chracteristics

What chem are used to add fluoride to drinking water?

What chem has the highest % Fluoride

How cant excess fluoride be removed?

Density =?

The main impurity found in fluorosilicic acid is

What concern is the basis for the secondary MCL for fluoride?

Which of the following chemicals can be added to drinking water using a saturator?

Fluorosilicic acid
Anhydrous ammonia
 Sodium fluoride
Ozone

To determine the proper amount of fluoride to be added to drinking water, we must consider the

In which particle size category would we place fluoride?

Which of the following elements is most likely to exist in water as an anion?

Sodium
Calcium 
Fluorine
Carbon

considered in the establishment of an optimum fluoride level for drinking water?

What is the most common means to feed a liquid chemical solution into drinking water supplies?

What is the most common and cost effective means to reduce natural fluoride levels in drinking water?

A gravimetric chemical feeder determines the amount of chemical being applied by measuring its 

Which of the following chemicals has the highest percentage of fluoride?

Fluoridation chemicals have a known percent fluoride and a specified percent

The purpose of fluoride addition to drinking water is to improve the

lending is being used to control arsenic levels.  The first source has a flow rate of 1.0 MGD and an arsenic level of 15 ppb.  The second source has a flow rte of 1.2 MGD and an arsenic level of 6 ppb.  What is the blended arsenic level in ppb?

A______is the substance in greatest abundance in a solution.

A________solute is any other substance dissolved withing the _______

Physical removal of particles from materials it contacts
V.S
Chemical removal of particles from materials

What is Saturation

Saturation levels depend on

Corrosion =

Deposition

The treatment process used to control corrosion and /or deposition

Galvanic corrosion is caused by

combating Galvanic corrosion

What effect will increasing water temperature have on corrosion?

Which form of corrosion is more likely due to corrosive water?
Uniform corrosion or Localized corrosion

What is the most common means of estimating the corrosion/deposition tendency of water?

What is the most common means of directly measuring the corrosion/deposition tendency of water?

The langlier index for a water sample is calculated to be +.35 will this water tend to be corroding or depositing

The addition of acides will _____alkalinity
while
Addition of basses will _______alkalinity

Raising the pH will cause _______ (mostly calcium carbonate) to leave the water and coat the container.

_________are used for corrosion control

What is the term for a chemical that ties up other chemicals in the water preventing them from paticipating in reactions including corrosion

Why are Fe/Mn problems more common in ground water?

What zone in a deep lake is most likely to have dissolved iron and manganese?

Iron and Manganese secondary standards

What is the most common means of converting Fe/Mn from dissolved particles into suspended ones?

What is the most common means of removing suspended Fe/Mn particles?

What is a common filter medium for Fe/Mn removal?

An insulated flange set is a mechanical device intended to prevent

Insoluble precipitates of Iron and Manganese can be removed from water by

Particles of manganese in drinking water will cause turbidity if they are

Corrosion that is caused by electrochemistry between two different metals is known as

The process by which particles of matter are physically removed by water is known as

Raising the pH of drinking water is most likely to cause

A substance dissolved within a homogeneous solution of drinking water is known as a
Parameter
Constituent
Solute
Contaminant

All of the above

hat will be the result of adding free chlorine to water that contains dissolved iron and manganese?

The most common means of assessing the stability of water is the

Common acids used in water treatment include

Water that has no tendency to corrode or to deposit is
Anionic
Cationic
Hard
Soft
None of the above

The saturation level of a solute in a homogeneous mixture is dependent upon

Particles of iron in drinking water will be dissolved in size if the water is

It has been determined that a drinking water supply is slightly corrosive.  Which of the following chemicals is most likely to be used to resolve this situation?
Chlorine dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Sulfuric acid 
Caustic soda
Ferric chloride

The dominant substance in a homogeneous mixture is called a

What is the term for multivalent cations in the water

Are the particles that cause hardness in water

suspended colloidal or dissolved

Types of hardness

Carbonate Hardness is

Why is Carbonate hardness known as temporary hardness

A 25 MGD treatment plant using lime/soda ash softening reduces the 280 mg/L total hardness to 40 mg/L total hardness.  How many pounds of hardness are removed each day at this facility?

The process that is most commonly employed to return lime softened water to a near-neutral pH is known as

In drinking water quality, multivalent cations are responsible for

An alternative unit of hardness measurement to milligrams per liter is

A natural resin often used in ion exchange softening is

In general, about how much total hardness is removed during conventional treatment?

When added to water, which of the following substances would raise the pH?

Which of the following is a concern posed by hardness in drinking water?
Deposits of hardness are difficult to remove
Formation of films on dishes and porcelain fixtures
Higher consumption of soap for normal cleaning
Formation of scale inside pipes 
All of the above

How will the surface charge on a resin compare to the surface charge on ions to be removed from the water?

The conversion of a dissolved particle into a suspended particle is known as

The metallic ions that contribute hardness to the water would fall into which of the following particle size categories?

In contrast with conventional treatment, the amount of sludge generated by a lime softening plant is

Which of the following is the smallest particle that exhibits all the properties and characteristics of a compound?

The high pH and corrosiveness of water treated by lime softening are often alleviated by

In which particle size range would ions be classified?

Compared to the number of cationic charges in a water sample, how many anionic charges must be present?

Ozone injection through diffusers is an example of which form of aeration?

Packed tower aeration is an example of which form of aeration?

What feature of membranes determines the size of particles that will be removed?

The name for water entering a membrane process that does not become product water

Term for the water that becomes product in a membrane treatment process

Membrane process that does not require differential water pressure?

Membrane process produces water that is similar in quality to that of a conventional treatment plant?

Name the type of membrane material most commonly used in micro filtration and ultrafiltation

Membrane process that is capable of removing all dissolved salts from sea water

Which of the membrane processes produces the largest amount of waste?

Approx operating pressure of a reverse osmosis process?

Membrane process that operates at lowest transmembrane perssure

A mixture of suspended particles in water is known as a

What laboratory analysis is used to detect both natural and synthetic organic matter in the laboratory

the following substances will exhibit an earthy/musty odor in water?

In drinking water treatment, electrodialysis is an example of

Humic and fulvic acids are components of

Which of the following processes will use hollow fiber membranes?

A common means of transferring ozone gas into water is the

When two GAC filters are operated in series, the second filter is known as the

In activated carbon filtration, the measurement of detention time in the process is called the