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kyleannkelsey
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What is the only temporal thermometer that has been studied?
Exergen
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When should you treat/refer a child under 1 month of age with a fever?
IMMEDIATELY take to ER/Doctor
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When should you treat/refer a child 1 – 4 months for fever?
Call physician right away
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When should you treat/refer a child over 4 months?
- Treatment is based on symptoms
- If not Eating, drinking, behaving normally
- (Temp number is not needed by new guidelines)
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What is a normal dose of fever reducing agent for children?
- 10mg/kg APAP Q4-6H
- 10 mg/kg IBU Q6-8H
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When should you contact a physician about a fever, despite age?
Greater risk of dehydration (cut back on milk, etc.)
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When should you contact a physician with Hyperthermia (Tachycardic, dry skin, hot)?
Right away
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Leaning, Drooling, Doesn’t want to swallow, indicates what?
Epiglottitis
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What is slap cheek disease/Fifth disease?
Mild viral illness that causes reddend cheeks/rash
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What are febrile seizures?
- Temps above 102 (usually though can occur at any temp)
- Looks like a seizure
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Do febrile seizures appear to cause epilepsy or long term effects?
- No
- Though a third may have another seizure
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Should you pretreat febrile seizures in a child with a fever?
No, doesn’t really work
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What is hand foot and mouth disease?
Viral disease
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What is the treatment for hand foot and mouth disease?
Supportive/ pain treatment, especially for sores in the mouth
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What is Roseola?
- Rash to a viral illness
- Herpes family (HHV-6)
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What is the treatment for Roseola?
- Supportive
- Symptomatic relief
- Hydration
- Treatment usually not necessary
- Though can treat fever
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What is German measles?
Rubella
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Why is Rubella/German measles part of the vaccination schedule?
Causes birth defects during pregnancy
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How does Roseola present?
- Starts with high fever (104-105)
- ~3 days fever is gone and rash appears
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What is the most common cause of diarrhea in pediatrics?
Rotavirus
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What is the transmission pattern of Rotavirus?
Fecal oral
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Is Rotavirus a big risk in the US?
No, more worldwide
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What are the vaccines available for Rotavirus and how many injections are required for each?
- RotaTeq -3 doses
- Rotarix – 2 doses
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What is the effect of vaccinating for Rotavirus?
> 90% reduction in hospitilizaion and ED visits for Gastroenteritis in peds
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What is the supportive treatment used for Rotavirus?
Fluids/Hydration
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What type of bacteria is Campylobacter?
G- rods
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What is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in the US?
Campylobacter
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Where is Campylobacter obtained from?
- Undercooked poultry
- Unpasteurized milk
- Contaminated water
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What type of bacteria is Salmonella?
G- rod
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Where is Solmonella usually obtained from?
- Undercooked meat
- Raw eggs
- Contaminated water
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Why don’t we treat with antibiotics for bacterial causes of diarrhea?
- Toxins are usually the cause
- Bacteria has probably left the body when S/S appear
- Usually run their course w/o medical intervention
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What Pediatrics might need Ciprofloxacin to clear diarrhea/bacteria?
Newborns and immunosuppressed
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What E. coli is adssociated with undercooked hamburger?
O157:H7
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Where is O157:H7 E. coli naturally in the environment?
Skin
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Where is E. coli O157:H7 usually obtained?
- Undercooked hamburger
- Unpasteurized dairy
- Contaminated water
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How does E. coli O157:H7 usually cause GI damage?
Via toxins
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What bacteria is associated with Hemorrhagic diarrhea or hemolytic uremic syndrome?
E. coli O157:H7
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What is the most common cause of kidney failure in children?
E. coli O157:H7 induced Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
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Can any other E. coli strain cause Diarrhea other than O157:H7?
Yes
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What type of bacteria is Shigella?
G- rod
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What benefits do antibiotics have for Shigella?
May shorten duration
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How is Shigella transferred?
Fecal oral
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What is the most important and main treatment for diarrhea in children?
- Hydration
- Usually don’t need antibiotics/will run its course
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Should you suggest anti-diarrheals (like immodium) for pediatric diarrhea?
No, because you have stopped the flushing of the bacteria/toxins and so can cause prolongation of the disease
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What oral intake should you suggest for kids with diarrhea?
- Electrolyte replacements
- Solids as tolerate
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Is Gatorade useful for pediatric diarrhea?
No, too much sugar
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Why should you give solids to kids with diarrhea?
- May help absorb some water in the diarrhea
- If they have problems, stop
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What are the main parasitic diseases of childhood?
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Where are parasitic diseases of childhood often obtained?
- Fresh water swimming
- Birds
- Reptiles
- Cows
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What is used to treat Giardia?
- Tinidazole
- Metronidazole – cheap 5-7D treatment
- Furazolindone – comes in a suspension 7-10D treatment
- Nitazoxanide – 1 dose - expensive
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What is the only FDa treatment for cryptosporidia?
Nitazoxanide – 1 dose – expensive
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What is the causative agent of Pinworms?
Enterobius vermicularis
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How is Enterobius vermicularis/pinworms transferred?
Peron to person contact
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What is the treatment for Enterobius vermicularis/pinworms?
- Mebendazole (Vermox) 100 mg x 1 dose, repeat in 1-3 weeks
- Wash well, wash sheets, child’s hands, etc.
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Why do you frequently need multiple treatments and need to use combs when treating lice?
The eggs are hard to kill and remove
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What are the DOCs for head lice?
- OTC shampoos:
- Permethrin (Nix)
- Pyrethrins/piperonly butoxide (Rid)
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How effective are Rid and Nix?
- Poorly effective but still DOC
- Don’t kill nits well
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What is the advantage of Spinosad?
- 85% lice free at 14 days vs. 45%
- Nit combing not required
- What is Spinosad used to treat?
- Lice
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How do you use Spinosad?
Apply to dry hair and rinse after 10 minutes
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How often should you repeat Nix or Rid treatments?
Q7-10 days
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What is the MOA for Spinosad?
Neuronal excitation and paralysis of lice
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What is the disadvantage of Spinosad for lice treatment?
Expensive
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What is Ovide (Malathion) used for?
Lice treatment
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What do you need to warn patients about Ovide (Malathion)?
Do not use with heat tools, catch hair on fire
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What is Lindane (Kwell) used to treat?
Lice
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What states have banned Lindane (Kwell) and why?
- Michigan restricts and California has banned
- Can cause seizures and death
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