-
don't have enough calories, therefore growth is stunted
growth retarded
-
growth of child?
there is consistent growth as the child gets older
-
body fat % of boys and girls before puberty
about the same
-
body fat % drops off at age 5, then develop it normally from then into adulthood
adiposity rebound
-
what happens if adiposity rebound occurs earlier than at age 5?
predictive of adult obesity
-
how many times should a food be presented before child is interested?
8-10 times
-
afraid to eat other foods
neophobia
-
portion control ?
- 1 Tbs for every age
- ec, age 3- 3Tbs of every item
-
some characteristics of toddlers/preschoolers?
- decrease growth velocity and appetite
- increased motor skills
- healthy food preferences established
- improve language skills
-
characterisitcs of school age children
- sense of self
- complex thinking
- self efficacy
-
cognitive development of preschool-age children?
egocentric( cannot accept anothers point of view)
-
influence food choices early?
parents and older siblings
-
parent responsibilities with eating behaviors?
- what food is offered
- when food is offered
- where food is offered
-
childs responsibilities of eating?
- how much they eat
- whether they eat
-
energy needs age 1-3? 4-8? 9-13?
- 1,000 cal/day
- 1,600 cal/day
- 2,000 cal/day
-
protein needs of infant?
2.2g
-
found in animal foods?
zinc
-
most toddlers and preschool age children have adequate vitamin and mineral consumption except for
iron and calcium
-
only nutritious sugar, and has lots of calcium
molasses
-
prevention of iron deficiency anemia?
- used ground meat, vitamin C, reduce bran, tea and coffee
- limit milk consumption
-
absorption rate of calcium is?
very high
-
what is calcium absorption increased by?
lactose, vitamin D, and HCl
-
what is calcium absorption decreased by?
- vitamin D deficiency
- high fiber diet
- high protein diets
-
you should take calcium supplements with?
milk
-
eating behaviors of children?
children need to eat often
-
reference for how US children are growing
growth charts
-
BMI growth charts percentile underweight? health weight? overweight? obese?
- <5th percentile
- 5th to <85th
- 85th to <95th
- > 95th
-
excessive body fatness where there is an imbalance between food consumed and physical activity
obesity
-
obesity can be related to?
- genetics
- environment
- lifestyle
-
obesity is determined through?
BMI
-
consequences of obesity as a child?
- begin puberty early
- taller than peers
- appear stocky
- faster BMR
- early maturing
-
physical health consequences of obesity?
- hypertension
- respiratory problems
- gastrointestinal problems
- joint problems
- risk for cancers
-
three major consequences of childhood obesity?
- growth
- physical health
- psychological health
-
doubles risk of adult obesity for both obese and non-obese child
parental obesity
-
risk of obesity is up to ___% of parents are obese
80
-
treatment of obesity?
- diet
- exercise
- behavioral changes
- psychological support
-
goal for obesity treatment?
stop weight gain
-
pre-puberty obesity treatment?
no diet, healthy eating, let growth use excess weight
-
post-puberty obesity treatment?
negative energy balance may be necessary
-
treatment strategies for diet for obesity?
- 15% protein
- 30% fat
- 55% carbs
-
when treating obesity a child should eat more? eat less?
- non fat milk, fish, poultry, fruit, vegetables, whole grains
- whole milk, red meat, eggs, sugary beverages, sugar, salt and fat
-
benefits of exercise?
- increases energy expenditure and metabolic rate
- lowers blood pressure
- suppresses appetite
- improves sleep
-
parents of obese children should promote?
- health foods
- serve water
- physical activity
-
three part role in treatment with schools?
- foods served
- exercise program
- classroom teaching
-
keeping record of food eaten and physical activity
self monitoring
-
what is crucial in the treatment of obesity?
family involvement
-
encourages positive, realistic thinking in place of self-devastating thoughts
cognitive restructuring
-
1 in ___ children are overweight in the US
4
-
compared to normal weight peers, obese children are
- taller
- advanced bone ages
- look older
- earlier sexual maturity
- high risk for chronic disease
-
4 stage approach of treating obesity? stage 1? 2? 3? 4?
- 1- prevention
- 2- structured weight management
- 3- comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention
- 4- tertiary care intervention
-
stage 4 in the 4 step approach for obesity is reserved for?
severely obese children
-
2 social support systems needed?
- parental involvement
- school programs
-
primetime for learning about healthy lifestyles?
school age
-
study to evaluate the effectiveness of a school based dietary intervention
high 5 Alabama
-
2 model programs for nutrition intervention?
- the national fruit and vegetable program
- high 5 Alabama
-
provide nutritious meals to all child and reinforce nutrition education
child nutrition programs
-
states may require schools who serve needy populations to provide school breakfast that is 1/4 the DRI
school breakfast program
-
provides training, technical assistance, education or support to promote nutrition in schools
team nutrition
-
provides summer meals to areas where more than 50% of students from low income families
summer food service program
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