Modern Biology Chapter 4 Vocab

one of the two protein filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction

a membrane-bound structure that is a basic unit of life

the lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell

the theory that all living things are made of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells

a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists and most bacteria

a plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

the DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a nondividing cell

DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

a short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion or in the movement of substances across the cell surface.

a collection of genetically identical cells that live together I a closely connected group

a fold of the inner membrane of mitochondria

the region of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus

a network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps maintain the shape an size of a eukaryotic cell

the gelatinlike aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the inside of the cell membrane

a system of membranous tubules and sacs in eukaryotic cells that functions as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

a hairlike structure made up of microtubules that function in locomotion

a model of cell membrane structure representing the dynamic nature of membrane lipids and proteins

a system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies proteins for export by the cell

a protein imbedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane

an organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal cells

a polymer chain of the protein actin; the smallest strand in the cytoskeleton

a hollow tube of protein that constitutes that largest strand in the cytoskeleton

the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells

a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

the nuclear skeleton, a shape-maintaining protein

a small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

the structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled; found in most nuclei

in a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains most of the DNA and directs the cell's activities

several types of body tissues that together perform a function

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

a group of organs that interact to perform a set of related tasks

a protein attached to the interior or exterior surface of the cell membrane

an organelle of plant cells that contains starch, fats or pigments

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

a single-celled, eukaryotic protest that is able to move independently

an organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins

the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that contains attached ribosomes

a membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through

the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks attached ribosomes

one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromsomes

a flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast; contains most of the components involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis

the most multicellular organisms, a group of similar cells that carry out a common function

a fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes or metabolic wastes in a plant cell