Chapter 17

converts food into chemical energy of ATP and produces large quantities of carbon dioxide gas

two systems of the body that share the responsibility of supplying oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide

the overall exchange of gasses between the atmosphere and the blood

it is formed by a framework of cartilage and bone covered with skin and lined internally with mucous membrane

the bridge of the nose is formed by the ___ that help and support the external nose and hold it in a fixed position

two openings on the undersurface of the nose

forms the floor of the nasal cavity, separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

posteriorly, the internal nose connects with the pharynx via two openings called ___

from the lacrimal or tear sacs that empty into the nose

what are the paranasal sinuses

vertical partition that divides the internal and external nose into right and left nasal cavities

portions of the nasal cavities just inside the nostrilss

detected for the sense of smell

conchae is also known as

narrow passageways/ subdivisions of the nasal cavity

located in the membrane that lines the superior meatus

cells that produce mucus

it is also called the throat

how long is the pharynx

it begins in the internal nares and extends part way down the neck

position of the pharyns

it is the passageway of both air and food and forms a resonating chamber for speech sounds

divisions of the pharynx

uppermost potion of the pharynx which has four openings

second portion of the pharynx which has only one opening

opening or the oropharynx that connects with the mouth

it is a portion of the pharynx which is the common passageway of food and air

it is the lowermost portion of the pharynx

it connects with the esophagus posteriorly and with the larynx anteriorly

it is also called the voicebox

it is a very short passageway that connects the pharynx with the trachea

its walls are supported by ___ pieces of cartilage. Three pieces are paired  and three are single

three single pieces of cartilage of he larynx

it is also known as the Adam's apple

it is a large, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage that lies at the tip of the larynx

part of the epiglottis that is attached to the thyroid cartilage

part of the epiglottis that is unattached and is free to move up and down like a trap door

it is the space between the vocal cords and the larynx

it is a ring of cartilage that forms the lowermost or interior walls of the larynx

six paired cartilages of the larynx

ladle shaped and attached to the vocal cords and laryngeal muscles. They move the vocal cords

cone-shaped paired cartilages of the larynx

rod-shaped paired cartilages of the larynx

two pairs of folds in the larynx

upper pair of folds or the false vocal cords

lower pair of folds or the true vocal cords

it is also referred to as the windpipe

the trachea is ___ inches in length and about ___ inch in diameter

it is found anterior to the esophagus and extends from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx to the 5th thoracic vertebra

it divides into the right and left bronchi

they beat upward and move the mucus dust package to the throat for elimination from the body

it is an incision into the trachea creating a new opening for air to enter

bronchus that goes to the right lung

bronchus that goes to the left lung

bronchus that is more vertical, shorter and wider than the other

on entering the lungs, the primary bronchi divide to form smaller bronchi called ___

the right lung has ___ lobes and the left lung has ___ lobes

the secondary or lobular bronchi branch into ___

the tertiary or segmented bronchi branch into ___

bronchioles branch into ___

branching is commonly referred to as ___

they are paired, cone-shaped organs located in and filling the pleural divisions of the thoracic cavity

serous membrane that enclose and protect each lung

outer layer of the pleural membrane that attaches the lung to the thoracic cavity

inner layer of the pleural membrane that covers the lungs

a small space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura that contains a lubricating fluid

prevents friction between the visceral and parietal pleura and allows them to slide past each other

inflammation of the pleural cavity and is very painful

**note**

it is the segment of the lung tissue that each tertiary or segmental bronchi supplies

small compartments of segments

the terminal bronchioles subdivide into microscopic branches called ___

respiratory bronchioles further subdivide into ___

it is a cup-shaped or grapelike outpuching

two or more alveoli hat share a common opening

membrane through which respiratory gasses move

fluid concising of a mixture of lipoproteins

helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing

three basic processes of respiration

movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs

two phases of ventilation

inspiration to move air into the lungs

expiration to move air out of the lungs

exchange of gasses between the lungs and the blood

exchange of gasses between the blood and the body cells

the PCO₂ in a capillary blood is ___

the PCO₂ in the alveolar air is ___

the PO₂ in the cappilary blood is ___

the PO₂ in the alveolar air is ___

it is the lung volume that is the sum of two or more of four primary non-overlapping lung volumes

it is the volume of gas in the lungs at the end of normal tidal volume exhalation

it is equal to the residual volume plus the expiratory reserve volume

it is the maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled from the end of a resting exhalation

it is equal to the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume

it is the volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximum inspiration

it is equals the vital capacity and residual capacit

it is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled at the normal rate of exhalation

it is equals the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume