SOC101 Ch 5

a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little else in common.

people who make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members.

an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters.

a psychological construct that describes those workers who are more concerned with following correct procedures than they are with getting the job done correctly.

a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic, such as education level, age, race, or gender.

the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group.

leaders who encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building.

a group composed of two members.

an approach to leadership that provides emotional support for members.

a process that occurs in organizations when the rules become an end in themselves rather than a means to an end, and organizational survival becomes more important than achievement of goals.

the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise.

those aspects of participants’ day-to-day activities and interactions that ignore, bypass, or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.

a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity.

goal- or task-oriented leadership.

according to Robert Michels, the tendency of bureaucracies to be ruled by a few people.

leaders who are only minimally involved in decision making and who encourage group members to make their own decisions.

a group to which a person does not belong and toward which the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.

the process by which traditional methods of social organization, characterized by informality and spontaneity, are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures.

a group that strongly influences a person’s behavior and social attitudes, regardless of whether that individual is an actual member.

a group composed of three members.