-
Emancipation Proclamation
-Identify the term
-Provide a general time frame, and
-Explain the term’s significance.
- -A presidential proclamation, or
- declaration by Abe Lincoln calling for the freedom of all slaves in states that
- were a part of the rebellion
- -Excluded 4 states, Kentucky, Delaware,
- Missouri, Maryland
- -Didn’t take place all at once, kept 4
- million slaves under enslavement
-January 1, 1863
-
Presidential Restoration
- -
- Andrew Johnson
- prounion, anti secession
- -
- Restoration pan:
- Give control back to southern states
- -
- Result: Southern
- White Elites: Black codes
-
Radical Republicans
-Radical republicans of congress, to 1877
- - Fight for equality of all citizens in
- the US
- Lincoln’s party
- - Pushed through the 13th
- Amendment
- Abolished slavery
-
14th Amendment
- -
- Defined civil
- rights for all
- -
- Made black codes
- illegal
- -
- President Johnson
- vetoed it
First time in history that congress overrode a presidential veto
-
Sharecropping
- -
- Reconstruction
- Era: 1865-1877
- -
- White southerners
- kept their land, African americans got nothing
- -
- Sharecropping was
- an arranged labor contract to let African Americans rent a portion of land in
- exchange for crop duties.
-
Homestead Act
- -
- Signed into
- effect by Lincoln to encourage western migration
Provided 160 acres of land for $10, if people worked it for 5 years
-
Morrill Land Grant Act
- -
- Law signed by
- Lincoln to extend higher education to every state
- -
- Provided each
- state with 30,000 acres per congressional member
- -
- Public college
- course selections provided course selections that would better society,
- including agriculture.
-
Panic of 1873
- -
- 1873 Stock Market
- crashes. Businesses begin laying off workers, railroads close.
1874 Iron working stops
-
Freedmen's Bureau
- -
- Created to assist
- in the transition from slavery to freedom
- Offers medical, establishes school, churches, manages economic and
- social relations of freed African Americans
-
Wounded Knee Massacre
- -
- U.S. Army enters
- camp of Natives asks to surrender weapons. Scuffle occurs, and firefight breaks
- out
- -
- Some natives
- escape, others are chased down. 200 Native Americans killed
- -
- Govt tried to
- force natives out to monopolize on valuable land by hunting buffalo so they
- would move
-
Robber Barons
- People or organizations who engaged in unethical behavior and robbed the
- economy using political influence at the expense of every one else
-
John D. Rockerfeller
- -
- Nearly monopolizd
- oil industry
- -
- Horizontal integration
- – Bought out all competetors and made deals with the railroad industry to
- control prices
- -
- Monopoly declared
- illegal
-
Andrew Carnegie
- -
- The owner of
- Carnegie Steel Co.
- -
- Utilized the Bessemer
- process for smelting to revolutionize steel production in the US
- -
- Implemented
- vertical ingetration to monopolize – Had control over every aspect of mining industry
-
Laissez Faire Economics
- -
- Transactions are
- free from government intervention
-
Tenement Houses
- -
- As urban
- population increases due to immigration and urbanization
- -
- City life is the
- new way of life in America
- -
- 8 Cities had 1
- million pop
- -
- Tenement housing
- was a cramped way of life.
Was a rundown, cramped apartment in a poor part of town
-
Trusts (Monopolies)
- -
- The gilded age:
- 1870-1900
- -
- When one business
- is the only seller of a good or service
- -
- Often due to the
- lack of government intervention
- -
- A monopoly is
- free to set any price it chooses
- -
- Vertical
- integration: buy out all suppliers of the industry to control price
- -
- Horizontal
- integration: buy out all competetors to rule more of market
-
Knights of labor
- -
- A call for change
- in the labor industry. Radical workers, 600,000 members, any race, sex
- -
- Called for no
- child labor, wanted equal pay, and health and safety
-
American Federation of Labor
- -
- Wanted greater
- share of wealth
- -
- Higher wages,
- shorter hours.
- -
- Only white,
- skilled men.
-
Eugene V. Debs
- -
- American Railway
- Union Founder
- -
- Socialist Party
- Candidate for presidency
- -
- Faced federal
- charges for obstructing delivery of mail in Pullman strike
- -
- Convicted under
- the espionage act for a speech denouncing American participation in WWI, Serves
- 5 out of 10 years
-
Great Railroad Strike
- -
- Companies cut
- wages by 10%, still feeling impact of depression. Then another 10%
- -
- Workers strike on
- the railroad tracks
- -
- Soldiers disperse
- crowds, and 100 die
-
Haymarket Riot
- -
- Labor protests by
- Knights of Labor in Chicago Haymarket
- -
- Protester throws
- bomb at police, 8 die, 70 injured
-
Homestead Strike
- -
- Carnegie cuts
- wages by 22%, workers strike in Homestead, PA. Carnegie tries to negotiate,
- workers refuse
- -
- Hires temp
- workers and Pinkerton police to keep the peace with a crowd of 10,000 strikers
- who were armed
- -
- When Police got
- there on the first day, they were met with gunfire. 9 die
-
Pullman Strike
- -
- George Pullman’s
- Palace Car Co. Chicago, IL
- -
- Cuts wages 24%
- but prices, rent stay the same.
- -
- Workers complain
- to American Railway Union Founder, Eugene Debs, who shuts rails to Pullman Co.
- -
- President
- supports Pullman, says stopping mail delivery is a federal offense
-
Populist Party
- -
- Wanted Lazes
- Faire free approach
- -
- Other groups were
- forming, including farmer’s alliance, who wanted their own representatives in
- government
-
Patronage
- -
- - Political
- corruption ran high with lezzaes fair approach
- -
- Giving jobs and
- granting favors to those who demonstrated loyalty to those of a particular political
- party, rather than skill
-
Teddy Roosevelt
- -
- 1901-1908 After
- McKinley’s assassination
- -
- Idea was that
- government should lead efforts to change society’s ills
- -
- Sought to
- eliminate political corruption in big businesses
- -
- Advocated for conservation
- -
- Oversaw foreign
- affairs – Dug canal through panama – holds for 70 years
-
Northern Securities Co vs. USA
- -
- Court ruled to
- abolish Northern Securites Co. on the basis that it was acting as a monopoly
- -
- They drove up
- prices, making consumers pay more
- -
- First case tried
- on this basis. Ruled to cease business
-
Clayton anti-trust acct
- -
- Roosevelt issues
- anti trust acts against big businesses
- -
- Which drives down
- rates. Numerous lawsuits issued, including Standard oil, and tobacco companies.
- Lezzaes Fair gone.
- -
- Limits the use of
- monopolies, and hinders competition between businesses
-
Pure food and drug act
- -
- All ingredients
- must be properly labeled.
- -
- Bans the sale of
- unsanitary food and drugs
- -
- Outlawed unsafe
- materials
-
Meat Inspection Act
- -
- Regulated the
- meat industry after middle class demanded changes.
- -
- Established
- standards for meat industry, including the processing, packaging, and sale of
- meats.
-
19th Amendment
- -
- Prohibits anyone
- from being denied the right to vote based on sex
- -
- Was a part of the
- women’s suffrage movement
-
Robert Lafolette
- -
- Wisconsin
- Republican Congressman 1920’s
- -
- Progressive
- taxation – Taxes based on income
-
The wisconsin idea
- -
- Use our educated
- people to craft policy on education. Policy on economy? Use economists. 1920’s
-
Gifford Pinchot
- -
- Founder of US
- Forest Service in 1905
- -
- Roosevelt
- quadruples the amount of reserved forests
- -
- Created 5 new
- national parks
- -
- Proclaimed 18
- national monuments
- -
- Placed 230 mil
- acres under protection
- -
- Determined
- resource guidelines
-
George Creel
- -
- Progressive investigative
- Journalist (Yellow Journalist) during WW1
- -
- Head of the
- Committee on Public Info, a propaganda agency for the government
- -
- Organized 75,000
- 4 minute men: They said why govt was fighting, why it was a good idea. Depicted
- germans as unnegotiable.
-
Committee on Public Info
- -
- How the
- government convinced the public
A propaganda agency to release government news during WW1
-
The espionage Act
- -
- Criminalizes
- mutiny and desertion and rebellion
- -
- 1900 men were prosecuted,
- including Eugene Debs, who got 10 year prison sentence, but only served 5
- Anti first amendment
-
Self Determination
- -
- 1919 Versaillas
- Peace Conference
- -
- Having control of
- your own political affairs, in reference to colonized nations
-
League of Nations
- -
- Based in Geneva,
- Switzerland, a neutral country. Its purpose was to ensure war never broke out
- again.
- -
- Could do three
- things: - Ask countries tos it down and discuss disputes peacefully
- -
- Could introduce
- economic force
- -
- Could introduce
- physical, military force
- -
- Big nations
- refused to join, due to war and big egos
- -
- Russia and
- Germany were banned from joining
-
Palmer Raids
- -
- Under attorney
- general Palmer
- -
- A round up of
- radicals, people who had un-American ideals, anarchists, and immigrants
- -
- 4000 prosecuted,
- including vandezzi and Sacco, Italian Immigrants who were draft dodgers accused
- of murder and robbery
-
Bonus Army
- -
- Assembly of 43000
- marchers, and 17000 war vets who demanded early payment of their WWI bonuses
- -
- Bloodshed.
- President veto, congress overrode
- -
- 2 Billion paid
- out. Leading to GI bill
-
Mandate System
- -
- An authorization
- by the league of nations to a member to govern a former german or Turkish colony.
- The territory would be called a mandated territory
- -
- Mandated
- territories were divided into 3 groups based on location and political and
- economic development, then assigned countries to govern over them.
- -
- Sykes Picot
- System 1915-1916: Secret agreement between UK and France over division of Middle
- East trade routes. The result of the division of the Arabs caused tension,
- dividing Israelis and Palestinians
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