Science of NP

increased QRS complex, elevated/peaked T wave, shallow U wave

smaller QRS complex, flattened or inverted T waves, prominent U wave

• ALT: 7-56
• AST: 5-35

• prothrombin time: 11-15 seconds
• Activated partial thromboplastin time: 60-70 seconds

3.4- 11.2

150-450

• Hemoglobin: 12-16
• Hematocrit: 35-47

.5-1.5

70-105

94-110

blood urea nitrogen: 5-25

bicarbonate: 22-32

• U for unit and IU for international unit
• q.d and q.od for daily and every other day
• magnesium sulfate and morphine sulfate
• anything for left/right or both eyes or ears
• micrograms has to be written out
• no 0 after a decimal point, always a 0 before the decimal point
• H.S for bedtime

• GI losses
• medications
• acid-base balance alterations
• hypoaldosterism
• poor dietary intake

• fatigue, anorexia, n/v dysrhythmias, muscle weakness
• paresthesis, glucose intolerance
• * need to look our for digitalis toxicity in older adults- increased sensitivity of myocardium to digitalis induced dysrhythmias

fish ( not shellfish), whole grains, nuts, broccoli, collards, potatoes with skin, cantaloupe and other melons, brewed coffee, tomato juice

corn, sweet potatoes, lima beans, apples, blueberries, cranberries, instant coffee, soda, ginger ale

• to reduce hyperkalemia- removes excess Potassium from the system
• must give diluted with IV fluids- not dextrose
• 10-20 mEq/l per hour can be given
• if this doesnt work, assess for hypomagnesemia- once you administer magnesium the potassium levels will also increase

• thirst
• restless or irritable behavior
• dry mucus membranes ,warm skin
• decreased BP but increased HR ( due to decreased CO)
• concentrated urine, dark in color

• peripheral edema
• electrolyte imbalance
• bounding pulse, increased BP
• headache, confusion
• diarrhea

• syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
• causes hypervolemia and affects the Na ratio in our bodies
• increases water in the body and it looks like we dont have enough Na, so more ADH is secreted
• causes dilutional hyponatremia
• can be caused by CNS injury

8.5-10.5

1.8-2.7

2.5-4.5

• causes: renal failure, excess vitamin D, hypoparathyroidism, chemo
• patient teaching related to diet
• manifestations: few symptoms, soft tissue calcifications, symptoms may be related to hypocalcemia
• usually need to treat underlying disorder first

• causes: alcoholism, refeeding patients after starvation, heat, stroke, major burns
• manifestations: neuro symptoms, confusion, tissue hypoxia, muscle and bone pain, increased susceptibility to infection
• management: oral or IV phosphorus replacement, foods high in phosphorus

• person
• task
• supervision
• communication/direction
• circumstance

• fluid is no longer going into the vein
• skin is cool to touch, pale, may be swollen, will meet resistance when you try and inject something through that IV

• can develop from infiltraion
• skin will be red, tender, swollen- infection is beginning