Who was the first psychologist to investigate learning and memory experimentally, disproving Wundt?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
How was the frequency of associations related to recall according to Ebbinghaus?
by counting the number of repetitions needed for one perfect reproduction of the material
What are nonsense syllables and what were they used for?
they are formed of two consonants and a vowel.
used to provide an equally un-associatable material for learning experiments
What did Ebbinghaus discover from his learning experiments?
meaningless or unassociated material is approximately 9 times harder to learn than meaningful material
What is Act Psychology and who came up with it?
focused on mental activities rather than on mental contents
developed by Franz Brentano
Who pioneered the psychological study of music?
Carl Stumpf
What is Phenomenology?
Stumpf's introspective method that examined experience as it occurred and did not try to reduce experience to elementary components
What is systematic experimental introspection?
Kulpe's method that involved performing a complex task then having the subjects provide a retrospective report about their cognitive processes during the task
What is imageless thought?
the idea that meaning in thought can occur without any sensory or imaginal component
Who discovered the influence of the unconscious mind?
Henry Watt
What are the three elementary states of consciousness as defined by Titchener?