Lymphtic system chap 21

First line of defense.

Second line of defense

Third line of defense

Innate defense system.

Adaptive defense system

Small proteins secreted by virus‐containing cells.

Major innate mechanism that mediates destruction of foreign substances in the body.

Stimulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes.

Dampen the activity of both T cells and B cells

Present the double activation signal to T cells.

Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response.

Protects mucosal barriers.

Involved in allergies

Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor.

Activates complement.

A graft from a monkey to a human is an example of an allograft. TF
True False

The mechanism of the "lethal hit" of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells involves a protein called perforin. TF
True False

Cellular ingestion and destruction of particulate matter is called phagocytosis   TF
True False

The respiratory burst produced by some macrophages releases free radicals.   TF
True False

The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis  TF
True False

Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and provoking an immune response are called antigens   TF
True False

Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies. TF
True False

A given pathogen will provoke either a cell‐mediated response or an antibody‐mediated response but not both TF
True False

Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular metabolic rate and will not allow antigen‐antibody reactions to occur. TF
True False

Monoclonal antibodies can be specific for several antigenic determinants
True False

Both T cells and B cells must accomplish double recognition:  They must simultaneously recognize self and nonself to be activated.
True False

Some immunocompetent cells will never be called to service in our lifetime  TF
True False

Anaphylactic shock can result from an immediate hypersensitivity where the allergen enters the blood.  TF
True False

Adaptive immunity is provided only by lymphocytes that secrete antibodies.
True False

A transfusion reaction is a subacute hypersensitivity to foreign red blood cells TF
True False

Somatic recombination by B cells allows each B cell to form its own unique antibody genes. TF
True False

Antigens can be complete or incomplete TF
True False

It is our genes, not antigens, that determine what specific foreign  substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.  TF
True False

Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies?
A)   three binding sites per antibody monomer
B)   carbohydrate structure
C)   composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains 0
D)   incapable of being transferred from one person to another

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?
A)  booster shot of vaccine
B)  exposure to an antigen
C)  passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus
D)  infusion of weakened viruses

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?  
A)   regulatory
B)   antigenic
C)   cytotoxic 
D)   helper 

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the
A)   bone marrow
B)   thymus
C)   spleen 
D)   lymph nodes 

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?
A)  sets the stage for repair processes
B)  replaces injured tissues with connective tissue
C)  prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissue
D)  disposes of cellular debris and pathogens

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________.
A)   production of complement and interferon
B)   vasodilation
C)   phagocyte mobilization
D)   vasoconstriction

The antibody molecule is held together by ________ bonds.
A)   disulfide
B)   hydrogen 
C)   sodium 
D)   amino acid

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?
A)   interferon 
B)   complement 
C)   antigen
D)   antibody

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement? 
A)   NK cells are present in the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow.
B)   NK cells attack cancer cells and virus‐infected body cells.
C)   NK cells attack cells that display abnormal MHC antigens.
D)   NK cells are a type of neutrophil.

The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called

A)   chemotaxis 
B)   diapedesis 
C)   margination
D)   phagocytosis

Small molecules that bind with self‐proteins to produce antigenic substances are called
A)  ions 
B)  reagins
C)  haptens 
D)  antibodies

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?
A)   adherence, digestion, killing, ingestion, chemotaxis
B)   chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing
C)   ingestion, adherence, chemotaxis, digestion, killing
D)   chemotaxis, ingestion, digestion, adherence, killing