Public speaking midterm

the lens through which you view the world

• unaware of making errors
• unaware that some skills must be learned
• ex- twirling hair, coughing etc

• aware of errors made
• aware of needing to improve
• causes anxiety which increases incompetence
• ex- knowing you grab your shirt etc and trying to stop

• worked on improving specific areas
• now must work on performing competently
• practice makes perfect

• improved skill and competence
• performance is effortless
• no longer need to be conscious of the area(s)

• delivery: plan and practice your performance
• purpose: determine your speaking goal
• audience: connect with your audience
• credibility: enhance your believability
• logistics: adapt to the setting and occasion
• content: select appropriate ideas and information
• organization: strategically organize your content

the ability to find in any situation the available means of persuasion

• the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing
• language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience

• Oral Culture: preliterate society, Illiad and Odyssey
• Classical rhetoric: ancient greece, taught people persuasive speeches (Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Socrates) 
• Communication studies: focused on sending effective messages, constantly sending and receiving messages
• Dialogic theories: give and take, engaged with audience, goal is mutual understanding

personal statements that describe your motivation, focus, and positive thoughts about yourself

transform unrealistic beliefs about speaking into realistic expectations

• fear of communicating with another person or persons. can occur in a variety of contexts like group discussion, meetings, and public speaking
• has direct physical effects that impact your communication

a speaker's individual level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication to a group of people or an audience

behavioral therapy to help clients cope with phobias and serious anxieties. combine deep muscle relaxation with various images of speaking

a procedure that encourages people to think positively about speaking by taking them through the entire speechmaking process

75 to 85 percent

informative, persuasive, entertainment, inspirational

provides new information, explains complex terms and processes, and/or clarifies and corrects misunderstood information

attempts to change audience opinions and/or behaviors

tries to amuse, interest, divert, or "warm up" an audience

• brings like-minded people together, creates social unity, builds goodwill, or celebrates by arousing audience emotions
• toasts, eulogies, motivational, introductions of a speaker

the publicly stated goal of your speech

the personal goal of your speech

• review: analyze and identify the ideas and information you want as "keepers"
• reduce: boil down the "keepers" to the most essential points
• regroup: group "keepers" into major categories (your key points)
• Refine: refine the key points to make them interesting and memorable

facts, statistics, testimony, definitions, analogies, descriptions, examples, stories, audio and visual aids

topical, time, problem-solution, space, cause-effect, scientific method, stories and examples, comparison-contrast

make the beginning interesting for the audience, establish your credibility, preview your main points

make your ending memorable, summarize main points, smile and sit down:)

• topic-specific: rely on topic-related supporting material to capture attention, gain interest, enhance the speaker's credibility, focus on the topic, and set the appropriate mood
• situation-specific: rely on speaker's adapting to the interests and concern of a specific audience in a particular setting or situation

tendency to recall the first items we see or hear in sequenced information

tendency to recall the last items we see or hear in sequenced information

system of arbitrary signs and symbols used to communicate thoughts and feelings

• C- clear style
• O- oral style
• R- rhetorical style
• E- eloquent

repetition, similes/metaphors, analogies, contrast, personification, alliteration and rhyme, lists of three

• impromptu: off the top of your head
• extemporaneous: a little pre-planning
• manuscript: completely scripted
• memorized: no script

breath, volume, rate, pitch, fluency, articulation, pronunciation, accents and dialects

eye contact, facial expression, gestures, posture and movement

provides new information, explains complex concepts and processes, and/or clarifies and corrects misunderstood information

• reporting new information
• clarifying difficult terms
• explaining quasi-scientific phenomena
• overcoming confusion and misunderstanding