Pharm

Mouth, esophagus, and stomach.

substance that aids in the initial digestive process.

Neutralizes or reduces acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents by combining with HCI and increasing the pH of the stomach acid.

• USED IN TX OF HYPERACIDITY cause by?
• Heartburn
• Acid indigestion
• Sour stomach
• Gastroesophegeal reflux disease
• Peptic ulcer

• Histamine H2 antagonists
• Proton Pump Inhibitors (important in tx of H.pylori infections)
• Miscellaneous acid-reducing agents

Infection in patients with active duodenal ulcers.

They are used to tx and prevent nausea & vomiting

Aluminum-containing antacids= constipation/impaction, intestinal impaction, anorexia, weakness, tremors, bone pain

Magnesium-containing antacids= severe diarrhea, dehydration, hypermagnesemia

Calcium-containing antacids= REBOUND hyperacidity, metabolic alkslosis, hypercalcemia, vomiting, confusion, headache, renal calculi, neurologic impairment

Sodium bicarbonate- Systemic alkalosis and REBOUND hyperacidity

Peeps with severe ABD pain w/ no known cause and during lactaion.

Sodium-containing antacids= Cardiovascular problems & sodium-restricted diets.

Calcium-containing antacids= Renal Calculi or HYPERCALCEMIA=kidney stones.

• USED CAUTIONSLY IN:
• Aluminum-containing antacids=w/ gastric outlet obstruction, Upper GI bleeding
• Magnesium-and aluminum-containing antacids=decreased kidney function
• Calcium-containing antacids=w/ respiratory insufficiency, renal impairment, cardiac disease.

• Antacid.
• Used: 4-Peptic ulcer, Stomach hyperacidity, hyperphosphatemia (with chronic renal failure)
• A/R = Constipation, bone softening, neurotoxicity

• ANTACID
• Used= same as Aluminum Carbonate
• A/R= same as Aluminum Carbonate

• ANTACID
• Used= Peptic ulcers, Stomach hyperacidity, CA deficiencies, Osteoporosis(menopausal)
• A/R= Acid rebound

• ANTACID
• Used= Peptic ulcer, Stomach hyperacidity, CONSTIPATION
• A/R=diarrhea, bone loss w/pts w/ chronic renal failure

• ANTACID
• Used=Same as magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium deficiencies, malnutrition, alcoholism
• A/R= sam as magnesium hydroxide DIARRHEA

• ANTACID
• Used=Peptic ulcers, Stomach hyperacidity
• A/R=Electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis

Action= Inhibit the action of histamine @ H2 receptor cells of the stomach which then reduces the secretion of gastric acid.

Used= Heartburn, Acid indigestion, sour stomach, GERD, Gastric ulcer, Gastric hypersecretory conditions

Goal 4 use of ulcers is 2 decrease acid in stomach so ULCER CAN HEAL

Adverse reactions are mild and RARE less than 2% of peeps get any.

A/R=Dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, hallucinations, diarrhea, reversible impotence

Contrinidicated=w/known hypersensitvity 2 drug

Precautions= Renal or Hepatic impairment, severely ill elderly, debilitated pts, pregnancy, lactation

Cimetidine used cautiously in peeps w/ DIABETES

• HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONIST
• Used=Gastic/duodenal ulcers, GERD, Gastric hyperSECRETORY conditions, GI bleeding, heartburn
• A/R= Headache, somnolence, diarrhea

Caution in peeps w/ DIABETES

• HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS
• Used=Cimetidine
• A/R=Cimetidine

• HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS
• Used=Cimetidine
• A/R=Cimetidine

• HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS
• Used= same as Cimetidine, EROSIVE ESPOPHAGITIS
• A/R=Same as Cimetidine

Actions=Suppressess GASTRIC ACID SECRETIONS by inhibition of hydrogen=potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme system of the gastric parietal cells. Blocks final step in production of acid.

Used=Gastric & Duodenal ulcers, GERD, Erosive esophagitis, pathologic Hypersecretory conditions(Cystic Fibrosis) tx of H.pylori infections

A/R= Headache, nausea, diarrhea, ABD pain

• Contraindicated= Hypersensitivity 2 any of the drugs
• Omeprazole, lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole Contrainicated in pregos & lactation

Cautionsly= Older peeps, Hepatic impairment

PROLONGED USE OF MAY DECREASE THE BODY'S ABILITY 2 ABSORB VIT B12(INTRINSIC FACTOR)=ANEMIA

• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
• Used=Erosive esophagitis, GERD, H.pylori eradication, NSAID-associated gastric ulcers
• A/R=Headache, nausea, diarrhea

• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
• Used=Esomeprazole, hypersecretory conditions, cystic fibrosis, intestinal malabsorption
• A/R=same as esomeprazole

• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
• Used=same as esomeprazole, heartburn, reduce risk of upper GI bleeding
• A/R=Same as esomeprazole

• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
• Used=GERD, erosive esophagitis, hypersecretory conditions
• A/R=same as esomeprazole

• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
• Used=same as esomeprazole
• A/R=same as esomeprazole

Cholinergic Blocking drugs= Reduce gastric motality & decrease amt of acid secreted by stomach

Pepsin Inhibitor= Binds w/ Protein molecules 2 form a viscous substance which buffers acid and protects the mucosal lining

Prostaglandin drug= Reduces the risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers in high risk pts.

USED LESS FREQUENTLY CUZ HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS BETTER

• MISCELLANEOUS ACID REDUCER known as pepsin inhibitor or mucosal protective drug
• Used=short-term duodenal ulcers tx
• A/R=Constipation

• MISCELLANEOUS ACID REDUCER Prostaglandin drug
• Used=Prevention of Gastric ulcers in peeps taking NSAIDs
• A/R=Headache, nausea, diarrhea, ABD pain,

Causes spontaneous abortion tell chicks use reliable contraceptives & report severe menstraul pain bleeding or spotting

• Actions=increases the motility of uupper GI tract w/out increasing the production of secretions
• Used=4 tx of GERD, Gastric stasis, Post surgery
• Higher doses of prolonged administration= produce CNS symptoms (restlessness, dizziness, drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms
• Contraindicated=GI obstruction, Gastric perforation, Hemorrhage, pheochromocytoma
• Precaution=Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease

• GI STIMULANTS
• Used=Immediate postoperative medication for prevention of paralytic ileus
• A/R=Itching, tingling, difficulty breathing and urticaria

Don't use in peeps w/ hemophilia (lack of B12)

• GI STIMULANT
• Used=Diabetic gastroparesis, GERD, prevention of nausea&vomiting
• A/R=Restlessness, dizziness, fatigue, extrapyramidal effects

• Prevents vomiting caused by drugs radiation, and metabolic disorders
• Reduces the non-GI adverse effects
• Tested for use in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

• Common A/R= varying degrees of drowsiness
• Contraindications=severe CNS depression

• Precautions:
• Cholinergic blocking antiemetics=glaucoma, Obstructive disease of GI or genitourinary system

• ANTIEMETIC
• Used=control of nausea&vomiting
• A/R=same as chlorpromazine
• Contraindicated=bone marrow depression, blood dyscrasia, parkinson's disease, servere liver, cardiovascular disease

• ANTIEMETICS
• Used=Control nausea&vomiting
• A/R=same as chlorpromoazine
• Contraindicated=PREGNANCY
• Precaution= Children w/ viral illness REYES SYNDROME(persistant vomiting, signs of brain dysfunction, listlessness, drowsiness

• ANTIEMETICS
• Used cautiously in pts w/ cardiac conduction problems, electrolyte imbalances

SHOULD NOT BE USED BY PATIENTS W/ HEART BLOCK OR PROLONGED QT INTERVALS

• Question Type & intensity of symptoms
• Document # of times vomited and apprx amt of fluid loss
• V/S & assess s/s fluid & electrolyte imbalances
• Ask about any situations of N&V
• Get NG tube suction @ bedside

• Monitor 4 continued complaints of pain, sour taste, spitting of blood or coffee ground colored emesis
• Montitor 4 s/s of electrolye imbalance
• Measure I&O
• Weigh pt daily 2 weekly w/ repeated episodes of vomiting

• Tell them 2 avoid driving or performing other hazardous tasks due 2 drowsiness
• Explain correct method 2 take the drugs
• Explain the necessity of contacting DR immediately if A/R occur

Drug that induces vomiting rapidly when an individual accidentally or intentionally ingested poison or drug overdose.

• Because more harm can occur from vomiting of many substances guidelines were established for the use of syrup of ipecac:
• Don't use on a person who is not fully conscious
• Don't use unless DR. orders
• Don't use if turpentine, corrosives(lyle) strong acids, petroleum distillates, kerosene, paint thinner, cleaning fluid, furniture polish have been ingested
• Don't use in comatose or altered mental status peeps
• Don't use in peeps having convulsions
• Don't use if substance ingested is capable of causing altered mental mental status or convulsions
• Dont use if caustic or corrosive agent
• Don't use if ingested low-viscosity petroleum distillate w/ potential 4 pulmonary aspiration and the developement of chemica pneumonitis
• Don't use if medical condition may be exacerbated by vomiting (severe hypertension, bradycardia, hemorrhagic diathesis)

• Miscellaneous Antiemetic (WEED) :)
• Used=Prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea&vomiting, appetite stimulant 4 pts w. HIV
• A/R=Drowsiness, somnolence, euphoria, dizziness, vomiting, Paranoia, Coughing, sweating