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Parasites that infect RBCs usually cause ________ anemia from ________.
regenerative; hemolysis (mostly extravascular)
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Which parasites are associated with intravascular hemolysis? (3)
Babesia, Cytauxzoon (to a lower extent; mostly extravascular), Theileria
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Mycoplasma haemofelis
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Transmission-fleas and ticks, saliva from infected cats, in utero, nursing, blood transfusion
- Description- epicellular organisms that adhere loosely to the RBC membrane; affect cats
- Anemia-regenerative, extravascular hemolysis; immune mediated
- Lab- increased liver enzymes, azotemia (high nitrogen in blood)
- Txt- Doxycycline; infection is chronic
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Mycoplasma haemocanis
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Transmission-brown dog tick, in utero, nursing, blood transfusion
- Description-epicellular organism that forms chains on the membrane
- Anemia- regenerative anemia due to extravascular hemolysis; parasitemia
- Lab- Coombs' positive
- Txt- Doxycycline
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Mycoplasma ovis
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
- Transmission- ticks, mosquitoes, contaminated instruments
- Description- epicellular basophilic cocci and ring forms; young sheep and preg sheep with poor nutrition
- Anemia- hemolytic anemia
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Mycoplasma suis
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Txt-
- Transmission- lice, transplacentally
- Description- epicellular basophilic cocci or rods; young piglets, post-partum sows, and stressed feeder pigs
- Anemia- acute hemolytic anemia; may be regenerative if they live long enough; transient thrombocytopenia
- Txt-Tetracycline in feed
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Mycoplasma wenyonii
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Findings-
- Transmission- same syringe used on multiple animals
- Description- epicellular basophilic cocci or ring forms; cattle
- Anemia- mild anemia
- Findings- edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, decreased milk production
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Mycoplasma haemolamae
Description-
Anemia-
Txt-
- Description-basophilic epicellular cocci or ring forms; llamas and alpacas
- Anemia-mild to moderate nonregenerative anemia
- Txt-Oxytetracycline; chronic infection
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Feline cytauxzoonosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- Cytauxzoon felis
- Transmission-ticks
- Description-blue rings ith eccentric magenta nucleoid structures
- Anemia-nonregenerative anemia due to extravascular (>intravascular) hemolysis
- Lab-neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbillirubinemia
- Txt-antiprotozoal drugs, enrofloxacin
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Anaplasmosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- A. marginale, A. centrale, A. ovis
- Transmission- ticks, flies, gnats (rickettsia), needles, contaminated instruemtns, transfusion
- Description-coccoid, ring, drumstick, dumbbell basophilic inclusions
- Anemia- regenerative anemia due to extravascular hemolysis
- Lab- MARKED icterus
- Txt-long-acting tetracycline; REPORTABLE DISEASE
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Theilerosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Control-
- Organism(s)- Theileria buffeli
- Transmission- Ixodid ticks
- Description- introerythrocytic piroplasms and intralymphocytic schizonts
- Anemia- Regenerative anemia
- Lab- lymphocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia/uria
- Control- immunization, oxytetracycline
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Bovine babesiosis
Organism(s)
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- B. bigemina (paired tear drop- shaped); B. bovis (round)
- Transmission- ticks or mechanical transmission
- Description-intracellular protozoans
- Anemia- Regenerative anemia due to intravascular/extravascular hemolysis
- Lab- RBC agglutination, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia/uria
- Txt-REPORTABLE DISEASE
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Equine babesiosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- B. caballi, Theileria equi
- Transmission- ticks and mechanical transmission
- Description- B. caballi (large) paired piriforms; Theileria equi (small) spindle to round inclusions
- Anemia- Regenerative anemia
- Lab-thrombocytopenia
- Txt-Imidocarb
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Canine babesiosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- B. canis, B. caballi, B. bigemini are tear drop-shaped protozoans; B. canis vogeli; B. gibsoni is round to oval or ring-shaped
- Transmission- ticks, placenta, blood transfusion
- Description- intracellular
- Anemia-Regenerative anemia due to intravascular (acute) or extravascular (chronic) hemolysis
- Lab- lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, bilirubinemia/uria, hemoglobinemia/uria, parasitemia, Coombs' positive
- Txt- anti-babesial drugs, Imidocarb
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Feline bartonellosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Description-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae
- Transmission- fleas, ticks
- Description- Small, curved gram-negative bacteria
- Anemia- transient anemia
- Lab- eosinophila
- Txt- Antibiotics
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Canine bartonellosis
Organism(s)-
Transmission-
Anemia-
Lab-
Txt-
- Organism(s)- B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffi
- Transmission- ticks
- Anemia- frequently immune-mediated
- Lab- thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, monocytosis, hemoglobinemia/uria
- Txt- Antibiotics
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