The flashcards below were created by user
kyleannkelsey
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
The amount of drug that will inhibit the growth of an organism
-
-
Minimum bactericidal concentration
Amount of drug that will kill an organism
-
-
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbepenems
Monobactams
-
What are the classes of Beta lactams?
-
Class
Mechanisms of resistance for organisms is often the same within a ___________.
-
Low
A high or low MIC indicates that the organism is susceptible to that drug?
-
No
Would you use PCN against a staph infection?
-
Yes
Would you use PCN against a strep infection?
-
Good: Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae
Poor: H. influenza, Staph, E. faecalis, E. faecium, Peptostreptococcus, anaerobes
No: gram negative, except H. influenza
-
Describe the coverage of PCN as was shown on the chart in class:
-
Streptococcal infections including: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A), Streptococcus pneumoniae (PCN sensitive), Group B streptococcus
Trepomena pallidum (syphilis)
Neisseria meningitidis
Peptostreptococcus infections (anaerobic infections - above the diaphragm) (MOUTH)
-
What is the general coverage of PCNs (not chart)?
-
Pen G
What is the IV preparation for PCN?
-
Pen VK
What is the Oral preparation or PCN?
-
Renally
How is PCN eliminated?
-
400,000 units = 250 mg
250 mg of PCN is equivalent to how many units?
-
8-20
What is the T1/2 of PCN in ESRD?
-
0.5-4 mU Q4hrs
What is the Normal IV dose of PCN?
-
250-500 mg QID
What is the Normal dose of PCN?
-
25-63 ug/mL (2 Mu IV)
What is the peak level for PCN G?
-
5-6 ug/mL (500 mg)
What are the peak levels for PCN VK?
-
0.5 hours
What is the T1/2 of PCN in a patient with uncompromised renal function?
-
IgE
Allergy to PCN is mediated by what antibody?
-
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Interstitial nephritis
Eosinophilia
Drug fever
-
With long term use of PCNs, what AE can occur?
-
Seizures
If you do not adjust the PCN dose for renal insufficiency, what preventable AE do your risk?
-
Time above MIC
What is the most important kinetic/dynamic parameter in evaluating the efficacy of PCN?
-
>4-6 stools/day for >1 week
When a patient is on a PCN and develops diarrhea, at what point should you suggest they see their physician?
-
Toxic epidermal necrosis
A form of anaphylaxis
-
-
G+ bugs, some minimal G- coverage
Group A strep
S. pneumonia
E. faecalis
Peptostreptococcus
G-: H. influenza, N. gonorrhea
-
What coverage (from the charts shown in class) does ampicillin have?
-
No
Do Aminopenicillins cover Staph?
-
4x better than PCN G/VK
How does Ampicillin’s coverage of E. faecalis compare to PCN G/VK?
-
Ampicillin = IV or oral
Amoxacillin = oral
What are the dosage forms/route of administration available for aminopenicillins?
-
Amoxicillin – better bioavailability (80%) vs. ampicillin (50%)
Which aminopenicillin has better oral availability?
-
Renally
How are aminopenicillins eliminated?
-
Amoxacillin
Which aminopenicillin has a SR formulation?
-
Ampicillin: 250-500 Q6h PO, or 50-200 mg/kg IV/day
Amoxicillin 250-1000 mg TID
-
What are the normal doses for Aminopenicillins?
-
1 hour in normal kidney function
7-20 hours in renal insufficiency
-
What is the half-life for ampicillin?
-
Ampicillin: 120 ug/mL (2 grams IV)
Amoxicillin: 5.5-7.5 ug/mL (500 mg PO)
-
What are the peak levels for Aminopenicillins?
-
Ampicillin: Streptococci, Enterococci, Listeria meningitis
Amoxicillin: Anthrax (in pregnancy), Pharyngotonsillitis, H. pylori, Otitis media infection – 1st episode
-
What are the aminopenicillins used for (not from the chart)?
-
Enterococcal
Ampicillin is the drug of choice for what type of infections?
-
Nafcillin, oxacillin,dicloxacillin,cloxacillin
What are the penicillinase resistant penicillins?
-
Nafcillin
oxacillin
What are the IV penicillinase resistant penicillins?
|
|