A & P 4 5 6

Sheet of cells that cover all free body surfaces (inside and out), forming an interface or boundary between two environments. Protects, absorbs, filtration.

(free surface) The top part

(bound surface) Connects to other parts of the skin

Figerlike extension of epithelial cells lining some parts of the digestive tract or kidney. Increasing absorption ad secretion. Adhesion points for secreted mucus.

Cell membrane as hairs that move uniformly in one direction (wave like).

Link and anchor between cells that prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Plasma membranes put together to make a leak proof sheets

Leak between cells

Noncellular, adhesive sheet glycoproteins secreted by epithelial cells toward the neighboring connective tissue layer. Selective filter

Deep in the basal lamina. Reinforces epithelial sheet and defies epithelial boudary

One layer

More than one layer

Looks like more than one layer but isn't.

Flat plate or scale like

Cube-shaped or box-like

Tall and column shaped

One or more epithelial cells organized to make ad secrete (export) a particular product (often an aqueous fluid that contains proteins)

RER -> Golgi -> Vesicles -> Exocytosis

Ductless (secretion into blood stream). Secrets hormones.

Secrete product onto a body surface or into body cavities

Secretes mucin

Secretory unit + duct

Allows passage of material by diffusion. Found in the kidneys, lungs, heart, blood vessels, lymphatic, and ventral body cavity

Secretion and absorption. Found in the kidneys, small glands, ovary surface.

Absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes. Found in the digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts, uterine tubes, and uterus.

Secretion, particularly of mucus. Found in the male's sperm, trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.

(Keratinized) Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion. Found in the esophagus, mouth and vagina.

Stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine. Found in the ureters, urinary bladder, and pat of the urethra.

• Collagen - (tendons) extremely tough
• Elastic - stretch and recoil
• Reticular - Fine collagen

Ties bones and muscles

Lines bone to bone

Replacement of destroyed tissue with some kind of tissue. For simple infection

Replacement of destroyed tissue with fibrous connective tissue

Abdominal

Lungs

Covers

Cavity lined

Heart

Movable joints. Produce synovial fluid

Oil Glands

Chemical, physical, and biological

Synthesizes vitamin D

• Stratum basale
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum corneum

Failure to produce tyrosinase is the most common form (gingers)

Supports and nourishes overlying epidermis

Dense irregular connective tissue with meshwork of collagen and elastic fibers

Helps dissipate excess heat through evaporative cooling.

Activated by stress, pain, and sexual excitement.

Found in lining of external ear canal.

Growth zone at inferior end of hair follicle

part of the hair enclosed in hair follicle

visible part of hair; projects from surface of skin

Blood supply restricted -> ischemia (O2 reduced) -> necrosis

widespread bacterial infection.

Way to approximate the extent of burns

Redness, pain, and swelling (inflammation)

Redness, pain, swelling, and blistering

Total tissue destruction (epidermis, dermis, and even hypodermis)

• A (asymmetry)
• B (irregular border)
• C (color)
• D (larger than 6 mm in diameter, the size of a pencil eraser)
• E (elevation above the skin surface)

An exaggerated thorcic curve. Hunchback.

An exaggerated lumbar. Swayback.

A "S" shaped lateral curvature.

Provides firm support with some flexibility

Stretch flexibility

Strength from collagen fibers but cushioning ability

Elongated with shaft + two ends

roughly cube shaped (ankle and wrist bones)

Sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most skull bones

vertebrae, hip bones

Smooth and solid in apperance

Honeycomb

Shaft. Medullary cavity filled with yellow marrow.

Red marrow (blood production)

Bone forming cells. Builds up matrix called ossification or osteogenesis.

Mature bone cells. Maintain existing matrix

Bone detroying cells. Breakdown and reabsorption of bone matrix.

Functional anatomy: flexibility (collagen) + strength (mineral salts.. calcium-phosphate crystals)

Ossification centers develop withing a fibrous membrane. Remnants of intramembranous bone growth.

Model for long bone growth and occurs in most bones inferior to skull.

Childhood demineralization of bone; formative deformities.

Adult form with softening of bone.

Hematoma (clot the area) is formed. Break is splintered by fibrocartilage. Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by bony callus. Bony callus is remodeled.

Results from the rate of resorption being faster than the rate of new bone formation (bone deposit)